Medline
1: J Interv Cardiol. 2005 Dec;18(6):485-489.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Intracoronary Thermography: Does It Help Us in Clinical Decision Making?
Toutouzas K, breastDrakopoulou M, Stefanadi E, Siasos G, Stefanadis C.
From 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Athens University,
Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
The concept of the "vulnerable" plaque has recently emerged to explain how
quiescent atherosclerotic lesions evolve to cause clinical events. The
morphologic and immunologic determinants specific for the vulnerable plaque
have been reported: a large lipid core (>/=40% plaque volume) composed of free
cholesterol crystals, cholesterol esters, and oxidized lipids impregnated with
tissue factor; a thin fibrous cap depleted of smooth muscle cells and
collagen; an outward (positive) remodeling; inflammatory cell infiltration of
fibrous cap and adventitia (mostly monocyte-macrophages, some activated T
cells, and mast cells); and increased neovascularity. Despite the large amount
of information regarding the morphological characteristics of remote lesions,
we lack studies with functional assessment of nonculprit lesions. Coronary
thermography is a technique for functional assessment of coronary
atherosclerotic plaques. Several catheter designs have been proposed. There
are catheters with thermistor(s) and wires with thermal sensors at the distal
tip. All designs have several advantages and disadvantages. Despite the
current limitations of coronary thermography, we gained important
pathophysiological and clinical information regarding the vulnerability of
atheromatic plaques. It has been documented both experimentally and clinically
that increased heat generation is associated with increased macrophage
concentration within the plaque. The correlation between local inflammatory
involvement and local heat generation has also been observed with the
peripheral inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein. Whether systemic
treatment, with agents such as statins or interventional techniques, such as
drug-eluting stents, will have an impact on stabilizing vulnerable plaques
need to be determined in future studies. In conclusion, although there are
several techniques for evaluating morphologically atheromatic plaques,
thermography is a promising method for the functional assessment of vulnerable
plaque and has been introduced into clinical practice, with a good predictive
value for clinical events in patients with increased temperature in the
atherosclerotic plaque. (J Interven Cardiol 2005;18:485-489).
PMID: 16336430 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
2: Ter Arkh. 2005;77(10):57-61.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Infrared thermography in diagnosis of breast cancer (review of foreign
literature)]
[Article in Russian]
[No authors listed]
PMID: 16320687 [PubMed - in process]
3: Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006 Jan;31(1):6-12.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Infrared-monitored cold response in the assessment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Foerster J, Wittstock S, Fleischanderl S, Storch A, Riemekasten G, Hochmuth O,
Meffert B, Meffert H, Worm M.
Internal Medicine with a focus on Rheumatology, Charite, Berlin, Germany.
Summary Background. Evaluation of treatments for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP)
requires objective response parameters in addition to clinical activity
scores. Thermographic monitoring of fingertip re-warming after cold challenge
has been widely used but usually requires sophisticated equipment. We have
previously shown that fingertip re-warming after cold challenge follows a
first-order transient response curve that can be described by a single
variable, designated tau. Objectives. Here, we describe a novel device termed
a duosensor, which records the tau value upon cold challenge in an automated
manner. Methods. We determined tau values in healthy probands, patients with
primary or secondary RP associated with autoimmune disease and patients with
scleroderma-associated RP following cold challenge, to determine assay
variability, sensitivity and specificity. Results. Duosensor-based
thermography exhibited low intraindividual variability in healthy probands. As
expected, tau values in RP patients were significantly increased compared with
controls (8.08 +/- 3.65 min vs. 3.23 +/- 1.65 min). The duosensor-determined
tau value yielded a specificity of 94.6% and predictive value of 95.3% for the
presence of RP in a retrospective analysis of 139 patients. Furthermore, in a
cohort of scleroderma patients with RP, patient self-assessment of RP severity
correlated with tau values. Conclusions. Taken together, the present data
suggest that tau value determination provides a suitable outcome measure for
clinical studies of novel RP treatments. As the duosensor is a simple
stand-alone device requiring no supporting equipment and minimal personnel
attention, it should allow RP activity monitoring even in clinical settings
with minimal technical infrastructure.
PMID: 16309469 [PubMed - in process]
4: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Dec 7;50(23):R63-94. Epub 2005 Nov 23.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
FPA-based infrared thermography as applied to the study of cutaneous
perspiration and stimulated vascular response in humans.
Vainer BG.
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian
Branch, 13, Lavrentyev avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
This review gives an overview of focal plane array (FPA)-based infrared (IR)
thermography as a powerful research method in the field of physiology and
medicine. Comparison of the gained results with the data previously obtained
by other authors with other research tools is given. Outer thermoregulatory
manifestations displayed by the human organism subjected to whole-body heating
(sauna bath) and physical loads (exercise bicycling) are quantitatively
analysed. Some details of human body emotional sweating (psycho-physiological
effect) are reported. Particular attention is paid to studying active sweat
glands as individual objects. All experimental data were obtained with the
help of a high-sensitivity (0.03 degrees C) fast 128 x 128 InAs IR
detector-based thermal imaging system operating in the short-wave spectral
region (2.5 to 3 microm) and perfectly suiting medical purposes. It is shown
that IR thermography makes it possible to overcome limitations inherent to
contact measuring means that were traditionally used before in thermal
studies. It is also shown that heterogeneous thermograms displayed by
organisms with disturbed inner equilibrium can be quantitatively analysed in
terms of statistical parameters of related surface-temperature histograms,
such as the mean temperature and the standard deviation of temperature (SDT).
The increase and the decrease in SDT turned out to be typical of prolonged
physical load and subsequent relaxation, and of external whole-body heating,
respectively. Explanation of this result based on a hypothesis advanced within
the context of the doctrine of human-organism evolution is given.
Skin-temperature distribution function accompanying the relaxed organism in
normality was found to closely resemble normal-distribution function. Symmetry
break down and variation of the shape of this characteristic may serve as an
indicator of homeostasis shift and can be used as a quantitative criterion for
the latter. A new phenomenon, stable punctate hidrosis, is discovered and
described. The term sweatology is introduced to refer to the discussed
specific research area in biomedical science.
PMID: 16306642 [PubMed - in process]
5: Vet Ther. 2005 Fall;6(3):268-76.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Scintigraphic, radiographic, and thermographic appearance of the metacarpal
and metatarsal regions of adult healthy horses treated with nonfocused
extracorporeal shock wave therapy--a pilot study.
Verna M, Turner TA, Anderson KL.
Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) treatment protocol is
commonly used in veterinary practice. This study investigated the effects of
four nonfocused ESWT treatments, given 2 weeks apart, on bone
radiopharmaceutical uptake and radiographic and thermographic appearance in
the metacarpal and metatarsal regions in six adult untrained horses. There
were no measurable treatment effects determined by thermography (daily),
scintigraphy (at 2-week intervals), and radiography (before study initiation
and at study completion) between treated and control limbs. It was concluded
that no gross evidence of bone remodeling is detectable by conventional
clinical assessment when nonfocused ESWT is applied to healthy equine
metacarpal or metatarsal bone.
PMID: 16299673 [PubMed - in process]
6: J Med Eng Technol. 2005 Nov-Dec;29(6):257-67.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
A perspective on medical infrared imaging.
Jiang LJ, Ng EY, Yeo AC, Wu S, Pan F, Yau WY, Chen JH, Yang Y.
Institute of Infocomm Research (A*Star), Singapore. jianglijun1998@yahoo.com
Since the early days of thermography in the 1950s, image processing
techniques, sensitivity of thermal sensors and spatial resolution have
progressed greatly, holding out fresh promise for infrared (IR) imaging
techniques. Applications in civil, industrial and healthcare fields are thus
reaching a high level of technical performance. The relationship between body
temperature and disease was documented since 400 bc. In many diseases there
are variations in blood flow, and these in turn affect the skin temperature.
IR imaging offers a useful and non-invasive approach to the diagnosis and
treatment (as therapeutic aids) of many disorders, in particular in the areas
of rheumatology, dermatology, orthopaedics and circulatory abnormalities. This
paper reviews many usages (and hence the limitations) of thermography in
biomedical fields.
PMID: 16287675 [PubMed - in process]
7: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2005
Sep;52(9):1577-83.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Thermoacoustic tomography with integrating area and line detectors.
Burgholzer P, Hofer C, Paltauf G, Haltmeier M, Scherzer O.
Upper Austrian Research, Linz, Austria. Peter.Burgholzer@uar.at
Thermoacoustic (optoacoustic, photoacoustic) tomography is based on the
generation of acoustic waves by illumination of a sample with a short
electromagnetic pulse. The absorption density inside the sample is
reconstructed from the acoustic pressure measured outside the illuminated
sample. So far measurement data have been collected with small detectors as
approximations of point detectors. Here, a novel measurement setup applying
integrating detectors (e.g., lines or planes made of piezoelectric films) is
presented. That way, the pressure is integrated along one or two dimensions,
enabling the use of numerically efficient algorithms, such as algorithms for
the inverse radon transformation, for thermoacoustic tomography. To
reconstruct a three-dimensional sample, either an area detector has to be
moved tangential around a sphere that encloses the sample or an array of line
detectors is rotated around a single axis. The line detectors can be focused
on cross sections perpendicular to the rotation axis using a synthetic
aperture (SAFT) or by scanning with a cylindrical lens detector. Measurements
were made with piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film detectors and
evaluated by comparison with numerical simulations. The resolution achieved in
the resulting tomography images is demonstrated on the example of the
reconstructed cross section of a grape.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 16285456 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
8: Am J Vet Res. 2005 Oct;66(10):1836-42.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Assessment of scintigraphic and thermographic changes after focused
extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the origin of the suspensory ligament and
the fourth metatarsal bone in horses without lameness.
Ringer SK, Lischer CJ, Ueltschi G.
Equine Hospital, VETSUISSE Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
OBJECTIVE: To monitor the effect of focused extra-corporeal shock wave therapy
(ESWT) on bone an d bone-tendon junction of horses without lameness by use of
nuclear scintigraphy and thermography. ANIMALS: 6 warmblood horses without
lameness. PROCEDURE: The origin of the suspensory ligament at the metacarpus
(OSL-MC) and the fourth metatarsal bone were treated at 2 time points (days 0
and 16) with 2,000 shocks applied by a focused ESWT device at an energy flux
density of 0.15 mJ/mm2. One forelimb and 1 hind limb were treated, and the
contralateral limbs served as controls. To document the effect of focused
ESWT, nuclear scintigraphy was performed on days -1, 3, 16 (before second
ESWT), and 19. Thermography was performed on days -1, 0 (1 hour after first
ESWT), 1, 3, 8, 16 (twice; before and 1 hour after second ESWT), and 19. On
days 3, 16 (first scans), and 19, thermography was performed before
scintigraphy. RESULTS: Scintigraphically, significant variations in
radiopharmaceutical activity at the OSL-MC were detected in treatment and
control limbs. No significant differences, however, in mean temperature or
radiopharmaceutical activity could be detected by use of thermography or
nuclear scintigraphy, respectively, between the treatment and control limbs at
any time point in response to ESWT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: After
2 treatments of focused ESWT, no physiologic effect on the studied structures
could be demonstrated by use of nuclear scintigraphy or thermography. Results
of this study indicate that at currently used ESWT settings, no damage to the
bone or bone-tendon junction should occur.
PMID: 16273919 [PubMed - in process]
9: Acta Vet Scand. 2005;46(3):137-47.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Infrared thermography and ultrasonography to indirectly monitor the influence
of liner type and overmilking on teat tissue recovery.
Paulrud CO, Clausen S, Andersen PE, Rasmussen MD.
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Resear ch Centre Foulum, Tjele,
Denmark.
Eight Danish Holstein cows were milked with a 1-mm thick specially designed
soft liner on their right rear teat and a standard liner mounted under extra
high tension on their left rear teat. Four of the animals were overmilked for
5 min. Rear teats were subjected to ultrasound examination on the first day
and to infrared thermography on the second day. Teats were submersed in
ethanol 20 min post-milking on the second day. Ultrasonography measurements
showed that teat canal length increased by 30-41% during milking. Twenty
minutes after milking, teats milked with modified standard liners still had
elongated teat canals while teats milked with the soft liner were normalized.
Overmilking tended to increase teat wall thickness. Approximately 80% of
variability in teat canal length, from before teat preparation to after
milking, could be explained by changes during teat preparation. Thermography
indicated a general drop in teat temperature during teat preparation. Teat
temperature increased during milking and continued to increase until the
ethanol challenge induced a significant drop. Temperatures approached
pre-challenge rather than pre-milking temperatures within 10 minutes after
challenge. Teat temperatures were dependent on type of liner. Mid-teat
temperatures post-challenge relative to pre-teat preparation were dependent on
overmilking. Thermography and ultrasound were considered useful methods to
indirectly and non invasively evaluate teat tissue integrity.
PMID: 16261926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
10: Med Device Technol. 2005 Sep;16(7):16-7.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Measuring volumes with gas mass flow sensors.
Kloeppner R.
TSI Inc., Shoreview, Minnesota 55126, USA. rick.kloeppner@tsi.com
With some design care, a mass flow sensor, pressure transducer and a
temperature sensor can provide a fast and accurate method of measuring many
difficult volumes.
PMID: 16259153 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
11: Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2005 Oct 20;125(20):2763-5.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
[Can ear temperature measurement be used in a hospital?]
[Article in Norwegian]
Nordas TG, Leiren S, Hansen KS.
Institutt for kirurgiske fag, Universitetet i Bergen, Kirurgisk avdeling,
Haukeland Universitetssjukehus. tnordas@broadpark.no
BACKGROUND: There are two principle means of infrared thermometry: tympanic
thermometry and ear canal thermometry. The purpose of this study was to
examine the reliability of these ear thermometers compared with the digital
rectal thermometer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used two different infrared ear
thermometers in this study; one type measured the tympanic temperature, the
other the temperature in the ear canal. The rectal temperature was defined as
the gold standard. The temperatures measured with the ear thermometers were
compared to rectal temperature on 213 patients older than 18 years at
Haukeland University Hospital. RESULTS: The tympanic and ear canal
measurements showed an average of 0.5 and 0.2 degrees Celsius respectively
lower than the rectal temperature. The difference between the two types of ear
thermometers was 0.4 degrees (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.42). By using the
tympanic thermometer, the sensitivity of detecting fever was 14% and the
negative predictive value was 89%. Ear canal thermometry had 55% sensitivity
for finding fever and a negative predictive value of 95%. INTERPRETATION:
There are many advantages by using ear thermometers, but the accuracy and
ability to detect fever is not good enough for it to be recommended in a
clinical practice. We recommend using rectal thermometers.
PMID: 16244675 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
12: J Biomed Opt. 2005 May-Jun;10(3):031109.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Remote temperature monitoring in ocular tissue using confocal Raman
spectroscopy.
Bauer NJ, Motamedi M, Hendrikse F, Wicksted JP.
Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the
Netherlands.
We demonstrated the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for remote temperature
monitoring within the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye in vivo. Using a
confocal Raman spectroscopy system, Raman spectra from 2580 to 3800 cm(-1)
were recorded in HPLC-grade water and in the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye
under in vivo and ex vivo conditions within a temperature range of 14-34
degrees C. The ratio between the integrated Raman intensities of two
temperature dependent OH-vibrational regions (OH2/OH1) in the spectra of water
showed high linear dependence on temperature both in pure water
[0.0049(+/-1.2%)T+0.4522(+/-0.5%), R2=0.99, n=50, p<0.05], as well as in the
rabbit aqueous humor [0.0036(+/-2.8%)T+0.4966(+/-0.6%), R2=0.98, n=162,
p<0.05] with a high degree of reproducibility and sensitivity ( approximately
0.2-0.7 degrees C). Raman spectroscopy can be used for high resolution and
remote monitoring of temperature in the aqueous humor under in vivo
conditions. 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 16229634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
13: Foot Ankle Int. 2005 Oct;26(10):847-53.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Assessing foot temperature using infrared thermography.
Sun PC, Jao SH, Cheng CK.
Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taoyuan Veteran Hospital,
Taoyuan, Taiwan.
BACKGROUND: Previous reports recommended using skin temperature as a guide to
monitor neuropathic feet during their rehabilitation course. However, the
diagnostic usefulness was limited because of poor thermal measurement and
procedures. The purpose of this study was to propose a standardized protocol
to quantify foot temperature. METHODS: An infrared image system was used to
measure skin temperature. The first experiment was conducted on 16 healthy
volunteers to study temperature variation with respect to time. This study
mapped out six subregions of anatomic interest over the sole, and average
temperature values for each were studied. The second experiment was conducted
on 62 diabetic patients, with and without sympathetic skin response (SSR), to
study proposed sole temperature normalization with respect to forehead
temperature for clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: In the first experiment, the
temperature in each plantar subregion varied as a function of time. In the
sole area, the highest temperature was noted in the arch region (29.3 +/- 0.9
degrees C). The toes had the lowest temperature value (26.2 +/- 1.2 degrees C)
in all areas. Equilibrium was reached after 15 minutes for the mean plantar
temperature (27.8 +/- 1.0 degrees C). In the second experiment, the diabetic
patients without SSR had a slightly higher mean plantar temperature (27.6 +/-
1.8 degrees C) than those with SSR (26.8 +/- 2.2 degrees C), but the
difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The SSR-absent group
(0.19) and the SSR-present group (0.24) had significant differences in their
normalized temperatures as proposed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mean
temperature of the entire plantar area was found to be more stable than the
individual subregions, serving as a more practical indicator for
thermoregulatory functions. The study also found that the overall mean plantar
temperature stabilized after 15 minutes, and, thus, this time was recommended
for clinical thermographic measurements. The normalized temperature may have
more useful application than the plantar absolute temperature, as exemplified
by the better correlation in diabetic feet. The mean plantar temperature, the
wait time to start measurement, and the proposed normalization are believed to
play important roles in neuropathic foot disorders.
PMID: 16221458 [PubMed - in process]
14: J Exp Biol. 2005 Oct;208(Pt 20):3933-43.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Effect of food quality, distance and height on thoracic temperature in the
stingless bee Melipona panamica.
Nieh JC , Sanchez D.
Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution,
University of California San Diego, MC#0116, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA
92093-0116, USA. jnieh@ucsd.edu
Stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) can recruit nestmates to good food
sources. We present the first data showing that recruiting meliponine foragers
at feeders and inside nests regulate their thoracic temperature according to
net food profitability. Using infrared thermography, we found that Melipona
panamica foragers elevated their thoracic temperature at profitable food
sources (higher sucrose concentration, closer to the nest). At food sources,
there is an increase of approximately 0.9 degrees C in thoracic temperature
(Tth) per 1 mol l(-1) increase in sucrose concentration (at 20 m distance from
nest: 1 mol l(-1) sucrose concentration, Tth=36.6+/-0.8 degrees C,
T(a)=31.3+/-0.5 degrees C; 2.5 mol l(-1) sucrose concentration, Tth=36.9+/-0.6
degrees C, Ta=29.9+/-0.2 degrees C). Inside the nest, the difference between
thoracic temperature Tth and ambient air temperature Ta (DeltaTnest) decreases
by 0.4 degrees C with each 100 m increase in feeder-to-nest distance and
increases by 0.1 degrees C per 1 mol l(-1) increase in sucrose concentration.
The Tth of returning foragers was significantly higher at all tested sucrose
concentrations (1.0-2.5 mol l(-1) sucrose concentration) and distances (25-437
m) as compared to Ta (at 2.5 mol l(-1) sucrose concentration: 25 m distance
from nest, intranidal Tth=30.2+/-1.3 degrees C, Ta=24.8+/-0.7 degrees C; 437 m
distance from nest, intranidal Tth=28.6+/-1.7 degrees C, Tnest=25.4+/-1.4
degrees C). For highly profitable food sources (2.5 mol l(-1) sucrose
concentration and < or =100 m from the nest), forager Tth was slightly higher
than that of randomly chosen control bees inside the nest.
PMID: 16215220 [PubMed - in process]
15: Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2006 Jan;62(1):101-9. Epub 2005 Oct 7.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
Practical method for choosing diluent that ensures the best temperature
uniformity in the case of pharmaceutical microwave vacuum drying of a heat
sensitive product.
Kelen A, Pallai-Varsanyi E, Ress S, Nagy T, Pintye-Hodi K.
Formulation Development, Richter Gedeon Ltd., Budapest 10, Budapest, Hungary.
Microwave vacuum drying is getting more and more popular thanks to its known
advantageous and uniq ue features, but its non-uniform electric field can
cause nonhomogeneous temperature distribution in the workload. The origin and
effect of a generated hot-spot is influenced by the electromagnetic and
thermodynamic features of the microwave system and the workload. In the case
of single/one pot technology, the geometry and the construction of the
microwave cavity is primarily designed for high-shear granulation. As for the
workload, its composition has first-order effect on the electric field
pattern. The aim of our study is to present a rational decision procedure
based on basic practical experiments and the elaborated '3D layered
thermography' technique to make it possible to choose the most suitable
diluent to formulate a heat sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredient given
its stability due to temperature distribution within the workload. Comparing
two commonly used diluents, namely microcrystalline cellulose and corn starch,
it was found that in the case of different actives with different acceptable
temperature limits different diluents are recommended. Drying of a composition
consists of an active ingredient characterized by a temperature limit of 70
degrees C. Using corn starch is safer when the workload is less endangered
than when using microcrystalline cellulose. Above this temperature limit
microcrystalline cellulose becomes beneficial.
PMID: 16214312 [PubMed - in process]
16: Biomed Tech (Berl). 2005 Sep;50(9):268-70.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Newly-developed measuring device for the quantitative assessment of thermal
and pain thresholds of peripheral nerves.
Leonhardt H, Meinecke D, Mustafa T, Gerlach KL.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Magdeburg, Otto- von- G uericke-
University Magdeburg, Germany. Henry.Leonhardt@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
Measuring devices for the quantitative assessment of thermal and pain
thresholds are either simple and only suited for inexact tests or accurate and
objective but expensive. The aim was there for to develop a cost effective
device to enable a short and practical test of neurosensibility under clinical
conditions. The result of this development is a new
thermosensibility-measuring device (TSM) consisting of the measuring unit
itself and a thermal probe. The data are registered and analysed through
direct data transfer to a connected PC. Investigations carried out with this
device revealed the construction to be efficient and easy to handle under
clinical conditions. The TSM provides the examiner with the opportunity to
monitor the neurosensory function of peripheral nerves in a reproducible way.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 16185034 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
17: J Biomed Opt. 2005 Jul-Aug;10(4):44011.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Nanocluster model of photothermal assay: application for high-sensitive
monitoring of nicotine-induced changes in metabolism, apoptosis, and necrosis
at a cellular level.
Zharov VP< /a>, Galitovsky V, Chowdhury P.
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Philips Classic Laser
Laboratories, 4301 West Markham Street, Number 543, Little Rock, Arkansas
72205-7199, USA. zharovvladimirp@uams.edu
This study evaluates the capability of a photothermal (PT) assay to monitor
the impact of nicotine on pancreatic cancer cells (AR42J). The specific PT
response is closely proportional to nicotine concentrations at concentration
range 1 nM to 100 microM, while at high concentrations of nicotine ranging
from 1 mM to 50 mM, PT response shows dramatic decrease. According to the
theoretical model, the mechanism of the PT assay is associated with metabolic
and apoptotic-related shrinking of local cellular absorbing nanoscale zones
caused by increased local absorption at low nicotine doses, while high doses
of nicotine lead to apoptotic release of absorbing component (cytochrome c)
into the intracellular space, and necrotic swelling of organelles, thereby
causing a decrease in local absorption. This model is verified with
conventional imaging and with Annexin-V Propidium iodide kits. The PT assay,
in addition to its high sensitivity (3 orders of magnitude better than
conventional assay), shows the potential to distinguish between various
functional states of cells that are associated with changes in metabolism,
early and late stages of apoptosis, and necrosis. Comparison of PT responses
of pancreatic tumor cells AR42J with isolated primary pancreatic acinar cells
and HepG2 cells shows a universal nature of PT assay.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 16178645 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
18: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Sep 7;50(17):4065-73. Epub 2005 Aug 17.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
Modelling of temperature and perfusion during scalp cooling.
Janssen FE, Van Leeuwen GM, Van Steenhoven AA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. f.e.m.janssen@tue.nl
Hair loss is a feared side effect of chemotherapy treatment. It may be
prevented by cooling the scalp during administration of cytostatics. The
supposed mechanism is that by cooling the scalp, both temperature and
perfusion are diminished, affecting drug supply and drug uptake in the hair
follicle. However, the effect of scalp cooling varies strongly. To gain more
insight into the effect of cooling, a computer model has been developed that
describes heat transfer in the human head during scalp cooling. Of main
interest in this study are the mutual influences of scalp temperature and
perfusion during cooling. Results of the standard head model show that the
temperature of the scalp skin is reduced from 34.4 degrees C to 18.3 degrees
C, reducing tissue blood flow to 25%. Based upon variations in both thermal
properties and head anatomies found in the literature, a parameter study was
performed. The results of this parameter study show that the most important
parameters affecting both temperature and perfusion are the perfusion
coefficient Q10 and the thermal resistances of both the fat and the hair
layer. The variations in the parameter study led to skin temperature ranging
from 10.1 degrees C to 21.8 degrees C, which in turn reduced relative
perfusion to 13% and 33%, respectively.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 16177530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
19: Int Endod J. 2005 Oct;38(10):705-11.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Temperature rise of the post and on the root surface during ultrasonic post
removal.
Budd JC, Gekelman D, White JM.
Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry,
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
AIM: To determine the temperature rise on the root surface caused by
ultrasonic post removal using different devices and techniques in a laboratory
setting. METHODOLOGY: Two ultrasonic devices, one piezoelectrical (Pi) and one
magnetostrictive (Ma), were investigated. A serrated titanium post was placed
into the distal root canal of a human mandibular first molar. Four coolant
parameters were utilized: no air, no water, no evacuation (NN), air only with
high-speed evacuation (A), 15 mL min(-1) water coolant with high-speed
evacuation (W15) and 30 mL min(-1) water coolant with high-speed evacuation
(W30). Five simulated post removals were measured at two locations, the post
(P) and the root (R), for each coolant parameter. Temperature rise was
measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 s intervals using calibrated infrared
thermography (n = 80). Temperatures were recorded at 45 ms intervals. Data
were analysed using repeated measures anova with the Scheffe post hoc test (P
< or = 0.05). RESULTS: The overall mean pooled effect showed that temperature
rise for P = 20.1 +/- 27.9 degrees C and R = 10.9 +/- 7.9 degrees C were
significantly different. Significant differences in temperature rise were: Pi
> Ma, P > R, NN > A = W15 = W30 however, A > W30. CONCLUSIONS: There were
significant differences in temperature rise as a function of ultrasonic
device, location on the tooth and cooling method utilized for post removal.
PMID: 16164684 [PubMed - in process]
20: Hellenic J Cardiol. 2005 Jul-Aug;46(4):283-8.Related Articles, Books
Patients with type two diabetes mellitus: increased local inflammatory
activation in culprit atheromatous plaques.
Toutouzas K, Markou V, Drakopoulou M, Mitropoulos I, Tsiamis E, Stefanadis C.
First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens,
Greece. ktoutouz@otenet.gr
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) predisposes to coronary artery disease
(CAD). The progression of CAD has recently come to be regarded as an
inflammatory activation. Thermography detects local inflammatory involvement
as heat generation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients
with CAD and DM have increased local heat generation compared to non-diabetic
patients. METHODS: We enrolled 45 patients with DM and 63 non-diabetic
patients who were undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. The two
groups were matched for age, type of clinical syndrome, statin and aspirin
intake and angiographic stenosis (%). Coronary thermography was performed and
the temperature difference (deltaT) between the atherosclerotic plaque and the
proximal vessel wall was measured. RESULTS: Patients with DM had increased
deltaT compared to non-diabetic patients (deltaT: 0.17 +/- 0.18 degrees C vs.
0.09 +/- 0.02 degrees C, p = 0.01). Patients with DM and acute coronary
syndromes (ACS)(n=21) had increased deltaT compared to non-diabetic patients
(n=22) (deltaT: 0.29 +/- 0.31 degrees C vs. 0.15 +/- 0.21 degrees C, p =
0.02). Similarly, patients with DM and stable angina (SA) had a higher deltaT
than non-diabetics with SA (deltaT: 0.09 +/- 0.08 degrees C vs. 0.05 +/- 0.04
degrees C, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Patients with DM have increased deltaT
compared to non-diabetic patients.
PMID: 16159008 [PubMed - in process]
21: Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2005 Apr;8(2):115-25.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
Three-dimensional model on thermal response of skin subject to laser heating.
Shen W, Zhang J, Yang F.
Laboratory for High Performance Scientific Computing and Computer Simulation,
Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
40506-0046, USA. wensheng@csr.uky.edu
A three-dimensional (3D) multilayer model based on the skin physical structure
is developed to investigate the transient thermal response of human skin
subject to laser heating. The temperature distribution of the skin is modeled
by the bioheat transfer equation, and the influence of laser heating is
expressed as a source term where the strength of the source is a product of a
Gaussian shaped incident irradiance, an exponentially shaped axial
attenuation, and a time function. The water evaporation and diffusion is
included in the model by adding two terms regarding the heat loss due to the
evaporation and diffusion, where the rate of water evaporation is determined
based on the theory of laminar boundary layer. Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) in
laser therapy is studied, as well as its effect on the skin thermal response.
The time-dependent equation is discretized using the finite difference method
with the Crank-Nicholson scheme and the stability of the numerical method is
analyzed. The large sparse linear system resulted from discretizing the
governing partial differential equation is solved by a GMRES solver and the
23: Int J Hyperthermia. 2005 Sep;21(6):547-60.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Non-invasive MR thermography using the water proton chemical shift.
Kuroda K.
Molecular Imaging Research Group, Instit ute of Biomedical Research and
Innovation, Kobe, Japan. kagayaki@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp
Among various proton magnetic resonance (MR) parameters, such as longitudinal
relaxation time, transverse relaxation time, diffusion coefficient and
chemical shift, the chemical shift of water protons is recognized as the most
reliable indicator of temperature. The chemical shift is the only
frequency-based parameter and is independent of the other parameters, which
are measured based on the intensity of the MR signal. In this paper, the basic
principle and the recent progress in imaging temperature by spectroscopic
techniques using the water proton chemical shift are discussed. The advantages
of spectroscopic imaging over phase mapping for measuring temperature are that
the former can distinguish water resonance from other resonances, and that
another resonance can be used as an internal reference to reduce the effects
of external magnetic field instability, tissue susceptibility and inter-scan
tissue movement or deformation. Methods utilizing various magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (MRS) techniques, such as single voxel spectroscopy, conventional
magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), echo planar spectroscopic
imaging (EPSI) and line scan echo planar spectroscopic imaging (LSEPSI) are
discussed.
Publication Types:
Review
PMID: 16147439 [PubMed - in process]
24: Int J Hyperthermia. 2005 Sep;21(6):497-513.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Methods and potentials of magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring
radiofrequency hyperthermia in a hybrid system.
Gellermann J< /b>, Wlodarczyk W, Feussner A, Fahling H, Nadobny J, Hildebrandt
B, Felix R, Wust P.
Department of Radiation Medicine, Charite Medical School, Berlin, Germany.
gellermann@rrk.charite-buch.de
INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive thermometry (NIT) is a valuable and probably
indispensable tool for further development of radiofrequency (RF)
hyperthermia. A hybridization of an MRI scanner with a hyperthermia system is
necessary for a real-time NIT. The selection of the best thermographic method
is difficult, because many parameters and attributes have to be considered.
METHODS: In the hybrid system (Siemens Symphony/BSD-2000-3D) the standard
methods for NIT were tested such as T1, diffusion (ADC: apparent diffusion
coefficient) and proton-resonance-frequency shift (PFS) method. A series of
three-dimensional datasets was acquired with different gradient-echo
sequences, diffusion-weighted EPI spin-echo sequences and calculated
MR-temperatures in the software platform AMIRA-HyperPlan. In particular for
the PFS-method, corrective methods were developed and tested with respect to
drift and other disturbances. Experiments were performed in phantoms and the
results compared with direct temperature measurements. Then the procedures
were transferred to clinical applications in patients with larger tumours of
the lower extremity or the pelvis. RESULTS: Heating experiments and
MR-thermography in a homogeneous cylindrical phantom give an excellent survey
over the potentials of the methods. Under clinical conditions all these
methods have difficulties due to motion, physiological changes, inhomogeneous
composition and susceptibility variations in human tissues. The PFS-method is
most stable in patients yielding reasonable MR temperature distributions and
time curves for pelvic and lower extremity tumours over realistic treatment
times of 60-90 min. Pooled data exist for rectal tumour recurrencies and soft
tissue sarcomas. The fat tissue can be used for drift correction in these
patients. T1 and diffusion-dependent methods appear less suitable for these
patients. The standard methods have different sensitivities with respect to
the various error sources. The advantages and pitfalls of every method are
discussed with respect to the literature and illustrated by the phantom and
patient measurements. CONCLUSIONS: MR-controlled RF hyperthermia in a hybrid
system is well established in phantoms and already feasible for patients in
the pelvic and lower extremity region. Under optimal conditions the
temperature accuracy might be in the range of 0.5 degrees C. However a variety
of developments, especially sequences and post-processing modules, are still
required for the clinical routine.
PMID: 16147436 [PubMed - in process]
25: Eur Heart J. 2005 Oct;26(20):2200-5. Epub 2005 Sep 5.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
In vivo temperature heterogeneity is associated with plaque regions of
increased MMP-9 activity.
Krams R, Verheye S, van Damme LC, Tempel D, Gourabi BM, Boersma E, Kockx MM,
Knaapen MW, Strijder C, van Langenhove G, Pasterkamp G, van der Steen AF,
Serruys PW.
Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.krams@erasmusmc.nl
AIMS: Plaque rupture has been associated with a high matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP) activity. Recently, regional temperature variations have been observed
in atherosclerotic plaques in vivo and ascribed to the presence of
macrophages. As macrophages are a major source of MMPs, we examined whether
regional temperature changes are related to local MMP activity and macrophage
accumulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plaques were experimentally induced in
rabbit (n=11) aortas, and at the day of sacrifice, a pull-back was performed
with a thermography catheter. Hot (n=10), cold (n=10), and reference (n=11)
regions were dissected and analysed for smooth muscle cell (SMC), lipids (L),
collagen (COL), and macrophage (MPhi) cell densities (%); a vulnerability
index (VI) was calculated as VI=MPhi+L/(SMC+COL). In addition, accumulation
and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined with zymography. Ten hot
regions were identified with an average temperature of 0.40+/-0.03 degrees C
(P<0.05 vs. reference) and 10 cold regions with 0.07+/-0.03 degrees C (P<0.05
vs. hot). In the hot regions, a higher macrophage density (173%), less SMC
density (77%), and a higher VI (100%) were identified. In addition, MMP-9
(673%) activity was increased. A detailed regression analysis revealed that
MMP-9 predicted hot regions better than macrophage accumulation alone.
CONCLUSION: In vivo temperature measurements enable to detect plaques that
contain more macrophages, less SMCs, and a higher MMP-9 activity.
PMID: 16144779 [PubMed - in process]
26: Med Eng Phys. 2005 Aug 30; [Epub ahead of print]Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
A comparative study for the development of a thermal odoscope for the wearable
dynamic thermography monitoring.
Giansanti D, Maccioni G, Gigante GE.
Dipartimento Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina
Elena, 299, 00161 Rome.
BACKGROUND:: The need of the reliable continuous monitoring of temperature is
rising in many clinical applications. Today the use of thermography has become
central for instance in the analysis of breast cancer, for the survey of
inflammatory processes and certain skin areas during physical exercise. The
core of the problem is the development of an ad hoc instrument, because
traditional methodologies such as infrared and liquid crystals are no longer
suitable. MATERIAL AND METHODS:: We developed a dedicated simulation set-up
using Matlab R12 procedures (The Mathworks, USA) and P-spice models
(Interlink, USA). We simulated the realisation and use of three different
equipment configurations for thermography, one based on PTC sensors, another
on thermocouples, a third one on specific integrated silicon components. We
also bench tested one prototype. RESULTS:: The results showed the feasibility
of the realisation of the instrument and the validity of the data obtained by
means of the simulation.
28: Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2005 Nov;147(11):1167-73. Epub 2005 Aug
22.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Thermography - a valuable tool to test hydrocephalus shunt patency.
Goetz C, Foertsch D, Schoenberger J, Uhl E.
Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany.
Introduction. Shunt-function in hydrocephalic patients is verified by clinical
examination and repeated cranial computed tomography (CCT) in most cases.
Because of the disadvantages of multiple radiation especially in children it
was our aim to introduce video-thermography as a simple and non-invasive
methodology to evaluate shunt function.Methods. 54 patients treated with
shunts for hydrocephalus were tested. A ventriculo-peritoneal shunt had been
implanted in 38 patients, a ventriculo-atrial shunt in 16 patients. Recent
CCT-scans were available for all patients and served as control. None of the
patients presented with clinical signs of shunt-dysfunction. The temperature
of the skin covering the drainage catheter distal to the valve was recorded
real-time by a calibrated infrared camera. After cooling the skin area
downstream of the valve for exactly 1 min with an ice pack, changes of the
skin temperature in the area downstream were registered by a thermocamera. The
signals were transferred to a video screen and recorded on videotape. By
off-line analysis of the obtained pseudo colour images variations of 0.1
degrees C in skin temperature could be measured.Results. Temperature
distribution of the area under investigation revealed a significant reduction
of the skin temperature according to the location of the downstream catheter
segment in 48 patients after cooling. In 6 patients skin temperature remained
constant, although clinical evaluation and CCT-scan showed no signs of shunt
dysfunction.Shunt patency could be verified in more than 85% of the patients
by thermal imaging.Conclusion. Infrared-thermography is a valuable and
promising tool for replacing CCT-scanning as a screening method to test shunt
function in hydrocephalic patients.
30: J Biomech Eng. 2005 Aug;127(4):656-61.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Analysis of thermal stress in cryosurgery of kidneys.
He X, Bischof JC.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
55455, USA.
In this study, the thermal stress distribution in cryosurgery of kidney was
investigated using a multiphysics finite element model developed in ANSYS
(V8.1). The thermal portion of the model was verified using experimental data
and the mechanics portion of the model (elastic) was verified using classic
analytical solutions. Temperature dependent thermal and mechanical properties
were used in the model. Moreover, the model accounts for thermal expansion due
to both thermal expansion in single phase and volumetric expansion associated
with phase change of tissue water to ice. For a clinical cylindrical cryoprobe
inserted into the renal cortex from the top-middle renal capsule, it was found
that the thermal stress distributions along the radial position are very
different at different depths from the top renal capsule. The thermal stress
is much higher at both ends than in the middle of the cryoprobe surface. It
was found that there might be more tissue next to the top renal capsule than
other region undergoing microcrack formation or plastic deformation.
Furthermore, it was found that macrocrack formation is more likely to occur in
tissue adjacent to the cryoprobe surface (especially on the sharp point tip)
and during the thawing phase of cryosurgery. It was further found that the
volumetric expansion associated with phase change induced much higher thermal
stress than thermal expansion in a single phase and might therefore be the
main cause of the frequently observed crack formation shortly after initiation
of thawing in cryosurgery. Because the thermal stress adjacent to the
cryoprobe is much higher than the yield stress of frozen renal tissue, a
plastic stress model is required for better modeling of the thermal stress
distribution in cryosurgery of kidney in future. However the computational
effort will then be drastically increased due to the strong nonlinear nature
of the plastic model and more experimental studies are indispensable for
better understanding of the mechanical behavior of frozen tissue in
cryosurgery.
32: Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2005 Apr-Jun;9(2):213-22.Related Articles,
Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
[Diagnostic value of thermography and endothelin concentration in serum of
children with Raynaud's Syndrome]
[Article in Polish]
Biernacka-Zielinska M, Brozik H, Smolewska E, Mikinka M, Jakubowska T,
Stanczyk J.
Klinika Kardiologii Dzieciecej, Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul. Sporna 36/50, 91-738
Lodz, Poland.
OBJECTIVE: The primary Raynaud's Syndrome may occur in pubescent children, the
secondary is connected with connective tissue diseases. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thermography and endothelin
concentration in patients with Raynaud's Syndrome (RS). MATERIAL AND METHODS:
49 patients aged 11 to 18 years with clinical symptoms of RS and 12 healthy
children participated in the study. 17 patients had secondary and 32 primary
RS. Thermography was conducted in all children. Vasomotor disturbances were
diagnosed by Doppler ultrasonography. Palm temperature measurements were taken
in room temperature before, directly after the cooling test and 4 minutes
later. ET-1 serum concentration was tested by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean palm
temperatures after the cooling test were significantly lower than in control
group. (26.28 +/- 3.13C vs 30.26 +/- 1.11C p<0.001). There was no difference
between primary and secondary RS. After cooling, the palm temperatures were
statistically lower than before the test in all children (primary RS -19.56
+/- 1.68; secondary RS -18.7 +/- 1.02; control group -- 18.98 +/- 0.39). The
warming up speed of palm after 4 minutes from the cooling test was similar in
investigated and control groups. There was no statistically significant
difference in the mean concentration values of ET-1 in sera of children with
RS and the control group (1.62 +/- 0.86 pg/ml vs 1.27 +/- 0.4 pg/ml).
CONCLUSIONS: 1. Thermographic estimation of palm temperatures in children with
RS is a good diagnostic method of vasomotor disturbances. 2. Assay of ET-1
serum levels seem not to have significant diagnostic value.
PMID: 16085962 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
33: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Nov;289(5):R1244-52.
Epub 2005 Aug 4.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Thermoregulatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in the mouse: dependence on
the dose and ambient temperature.
Rudaya AY, Steiner AA, Robbins JR, Dragic AS, Romanovsky AA.
Systemic Inflammation Laboratory, Trauma Research, St. Joseph's Hospital and
Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
Most published studies of thermoregulatory responses of mice to LPS involved a
stressful injection of LPS, were run at a poorly controlled and often
subneutral ambient temperature (T(a)), and paid little attention to the
dependence of the response on the LPS dose. These pitfalls have been overcome
in the present study. Male C57BL/6 mice implanted with jugular vein catheters
were kept in an environmental chamber at a tightly controlled T(a). The
relationship between the T(a)s used and the thermoneutral zone of the mice was
verified by measuring tail skin temperature, either by infrared thermography
or thermocouple thermometry. Escherichia coli LPS in a wide dose range
(10(0)-10(4) microg/kg) was administered through an extension of the jugular
catheter from outside the chamber. The responses observed were dose dependent.
At a neutral T(a), low (just suprathreshold) doses of LPS (10(0)-10(1)
microg/kg) caused a monophasic fever. To a slightly higher dose (10(1.5)
microg/kg), the mice responded with a biphasic fever. To even higher doses
(10(1.75)-10(4) microg/kg), they responded with a polyphasic fever, of which
three distinct phases were identified. The dose dependence and dynamics of LPS
fever in the mouse appeared to be remarkably similar to those seen in the rat.
However, the thermoregulatory response of mice to LPS in a subthermoneutral
environment is remarkably different from that of rats. Although very high
doses of LPS (10(4) microg/kg) did cause a late (latency, approximately 3 h)
hypothermic response in mice, the typical early (latency, 10-30 min)
hypothermic response seen in rats did not occur. The present investigation
identifies experimental conditions to study LPS-induced mono-, bi-, and
polyphasic fevers and late hypothermia in mice and provides detailed
characteristics of these responses.
36: Asia Pac J Public Health. 2005;17(1):26-8.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Infrared thermography to mass-screen suspected SARS patients with fever.
Chiu WT, Lin PW, Chiou HY, Lee WS, Lee CN, Yang YY, Lee HM, Hsieh MS, Hu CJ,
Ho YS, Deng WP, Hsu CY.
Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital.
hychiou@tmu.edu.tw
Fever greater than 38 degrees C is a cardinal sign of patients with the severe
acute respiratory syndromes (SARS). To reduce the risk of nosocomial cross
infections, screening all patients and visitors who visit hospitals and
clinics for fever at the entrance of every hospital building has become a
standard protocol in Taiwan during the SARS epidemic from mid-April to
mid-June 2003. We used a digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) system
(Telesis Spectrum 9000 MB) to conduct mass screening of patients and visitors
who entered the hospital to identify those with fever. The DITI system has two
components: a sensor head and a PC imaging workstation. The sensor head is an
optic-mechanical device which consists of imagining optics for focusing the
infrared source information on the infrared detector. The infrared images are
further converted into electrical signals, which are then processed for
real-time display on the monitor. During the period from April 13 to May 12
2003, 72,327 outpatients and visitors entered Taipei Medical University-Wan
Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 305 febrile patients (0.42%) was
detected by infrared thermography. Among them, three probable SARS patients
were identified after thorough studies including contact history, laboratory
tests and radiology examinations. The findings suggests that infrared
thermography was an effective and reliable tool ideal for mass-screening
patients with fever in the initial phase of screening for SARS patients at a
busy hospital which sees approximately 3,000 outpatients every weekday during
the SARS epidemic.
PMID: 16044829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
38: J Dairy Sci. 2005 Aug;88(8):2749-53.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Short communication: infrared thermography and visual examination of hooves of
dairy cows in two stages of lactation.
Nikkhah A , Plaizier JC, Einarson MS, Berry RJ, Scott SL, Kennedy AD.
Department of Animal Science, Univer sity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2
Canada.
Hooves of 16 lactating Holstein cows were examined twice for sole hemorrhages
and underrun heels. Images of hooves were taken using infrared thermography to
determine the temperatures of the coronary band and that of a control area
above the coronary band. To adjust for skin (control) temperature, the
difference (DeltaT) between the coronary band and the control area was
calculated. Effects of stage of lactation, that is, 200 DIM, on temperature of the coronary band, DeltaT, and visual
abnormalities were determined. Temperatures of the coronary bands of cows were
greater for cows 200 DIM (6.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.9 degrees
C). The DeltaT was greater for lateral claws than for medial claws (5.2 +/-
0.6 vs. 4.2 +/- 0.6 degrees C). Chi-square analysis revealed that the
frequency of sole hemorrhages in hind lateral claws was significantly higher
for cows 200 DIM. Increased
temperatures of the coronary band and DeltaT in early/midlactation coincided
with increased incidence of sole hemorrhages, but not to incidences of
underrun heels. Because higher hoof temperatures occurred in cows 39.8
degrees C) were excluded, the mean tempAx was 36.91 degrees C +/- 0.86 degrees
C and the mean tempTT was 36.9 degrees C +/- 0.89 degrees C ( P = NS; 95% CI,
-0.05 to 0.06), with a difference of 0.01 degrees C and a statistically
significant correlation between both measurements ( r = 0.80, P < .0005). The
sensitivity and specificity of tempTT for different thresholds were 74% and
85% for 37 degrees C, 70% and 95% for 38 degrees C, and 25% and 99.8% for 39
degrees C, respectively. The negative predictive value for 39 degrees C was
99%. CONCLUSIONS: In adult intensive care unit patients, the infrared tympanic
thermometer (ThermoScan 07) produced highly reliable measurements when
compared to tempAx measured using a conventional mercury-in-glass thermometer.
Both methods correlated positively and significantly.
PMID: 16015524 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
40: Pathophysiology. 2005 Sep;12(2):137-41.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Sympathetic pathology evidenced by hand thermal anomalies in carpal tunnel
syndrome.
Ming Z, Zaproudina N, Siivola J, Nousiainen U, Pietikainen S.
Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211,
Finland. zhiyong.ming@uku.fi
OBJECTIVE: To clarify sympathetic pathology in carpal tunnel syndrome and the
usefulness of digital infrared thermography as a diagnostic aid. MATERIAL AND
METHODS: 38 clinically diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome hands from 30 patients
(confirmed by the standard nerve conduction studies) and 41 hands from 22
healthy volunteers (the hands having current finger inflammation were
excluded) were studied. A series of hand infrared photos of each subject were
taken and stored by using the technique of digital infrared thermography. We
studied the infrared pictures and measured the temperatures of finger tips
from digit 1 (D1) to digit 5 (D5), the center point of thenar (Th) and
hypothenar eminences (Ht), then we calculated the temperature differences
(absolute values) between each two of the 7 points, and median index (MI):
(D1-D2)+(D2-D3)+(D1-D3). The means of D2 and Th (MD2+Th), D5 and Ht (MD5+Ht)
were also calculated. RESULTS: The results showed that the temperatures of
median nerve distribution area in the hands were highly significantly
different (Th-Ht, p < 0.001, MI, p < 0.001) between carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS) and the control group. The differences between the median and ulnar
nerve distribution area were also highly significantly different in CTS hands
(MD2+Th compared to MD5+Ht, p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of
digital infrared thermography were 84 and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION:
Digital infrared thermography suggests sympathetic neural pathology in carpal
tunnel syndrome. It may also be useful as an additional non-invasive tool in
the diagnosis of CTS especially in the early stage.
PMID: 16009539 [PubMed]
41: J Dent. 2005 Aug;33(7):593-602.Related Articles, Substance via MeSH,
Books, LinkOut
Thermographic investigation of contemporary resin-containing dental materials.
Al-Qudah AA, Mitchell CA, Biagioni PA, Hussey DL.
Division of Restorative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and
Technology, Jordan.
OBJECTIVES: To measure the temperature rise induced during visible light
curing of modern resin-containing dental materials and the effect of dentine
sections in reducing this temperature rise. METHODS: A variety of newly
introduced resin-containing materials were investigated, including flowable,
packable and conventional hybrid composites, as well as a compomer and a resin
modified glass ionomer material. The resin was packed into
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) moulds and cured for 40s. Temperature rises on
the undersurface of the curing resin were measured using the Thermovision 900
infra-red scanning system. In the second part of the study, extracted, caries
free teeth were sectioned into dentine disks of three thicknesses (0.7, 1.4
and 1.9 mm). Composite samples were overlaid by the disks and the insulating
effect of dentine measured. RESULTS: The maximum temperature increases were:
43.1 degrees C (flowable composite), 32.8 degrees C (conventional composite),
32.8 degrees C (RMGI), 23.3 degrees C (compomer) and 22.4 degrees C (packable
composite). CONCLUSIONS: There was a quantifiable amount of heat generated in
resin-containing material during light curing. Dentine sections were good
thermal insulators that significantly reduced temperature rises associated
with resin composite photocuring.
43: Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Jul;86(7):1318-24.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Variations in the output power and surface heating effects of transducers in
therapeutic ultrasound.
Kollmann C, Vacariu G, Schuhfried O, Fialka-Moser V, Bergmann H.
Center for Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna, Austria. christian.kollmann@meduniwien.ac.at
OBJECTIVE: To determine the real emitted output power and maximum surface
heating of commercial therapeutic ultrasound transducers emitting in air for
various therapeutic regimens. DESIGN: Surface temperatures of ultrasound
transducers with frequencies of .05 to 3 MHz were detected over 5 minutes by
using a calibrated infrared thermographic camera; additionally, the indicated
output power was checked with a radiation force balance. SETTING: University
center for biomedical engineering and physics and medical school for physical
medicine and rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS: Not applicable. INTERVENTIONS: Not
applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Power variations and surface temperatures
of clinical devices were analyzed to determine whether they comply with
obligatory limits given in International Electrotechnical Commission standard
60601-2-5. RESULTS: Depending on the operation mode and the output power,
surface temperatures ranged between 24.2 degrees to 80 degrees C within 5
minutes. Differences between measured and displayed power output (limit,
+/-20%) ranged between -32% and 28%. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of
treatment is lowered if the value of emitted power is not known reliably. In
the worst case, damage or irritation of the skin is possible, particularly in
patients with sensory compromised skin. Damage may be caused by hot surfaces
if the threshold level required to activate the device is lowered or if the
device is defective. Improved thermal control units are necessary to prevent
potential thermal hazards. Regular checks of transducer emission should be
obligatory to ensure correct and precise function of the clinical devices.
PMID: 16003657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
44: Cancer Res. 2005 Jul 1;65(13):5872-80.Related Articles, Compound via
MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
Noninvasive magnetic resonance thermography of recurrent rectal carcinoma in a
1.5 Tesla hybrid system.
Gellermann J, Wlodarczyk W, Hildebrandt B, Ganter H, Nicolau A, Rau B, Tilly
W, Fahling H, Nadobny J, Felix R, Wust P.
Clinic for Radiation Medicine, Charite Medical School, Berlin, Germany.
To implement n oninvasive thermometry, we installed a hybrid system consisting
of a radiofrequency multiantenna applicator (SIGMA-Eye) for deep hyperthermia
(BSD-2000/3D) integrated into the gantry of a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance
(MR) tomograph Symphony. This system can record MR data during radiofrequency
heating and is suitable for application and evaluation of methods for MR
thermography.In 15 patients with preirradiated pelvic rectal recurrences, we
acquired phase data sets (25 slices) every 10 to 15 minutes over the treatment
time (60-90 minutes) using gradient echo sequences (echo time = 20 ms),
transformed the phase differences to MR temperatures, and fused the
color-coded MR-temperature distributions with anatomic T1-weighted MR data
sets. We could generate one complete series of MR data sets per patient with
satisfactory quality for further analysis. In fat, muscle, water bolus,
prostate, bladder, and tumor, we delineated regions of interest (ROI), used
the fat ROI for drift correction by transforming these regions to a phase
shift zero, and evaluated the MR-temperature frequency distributions. Mean MR
temperatures (T(MR)), maximum T(MR), full width half maximum (FWHM), and other
descriptors of tumors and normal tissues were noninvasively derived and their
dependencies outlined. In 8 of 15 patients, direct temperature measurements in
reference points were available. We correlated the tumor MR temperatures with
direct measurements, clinical response, and tumor features (volume and
location), and found reasonable trends and correlations. Therefore, the mean
T(MR) of the tumor might be useful as a variable to evaluate the quality and
effectivity of heat treatments, and consequently as optimization
variable.Feasibility of noninvasive MR thermography for regional hyperthermia
has been shown and should be further investigated.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
PMID: 15994965 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
45: Burns. 2005 Sep;31(6):768-75.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Static thermography revisited--an adjunct method for determining the depth of
the burn injury.
Renkielska A, Nowakowski A, Kaczmarek M, Dobke MK, Grudzinski J, Karmolinski
A, Stojek W.
Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Medical University of Gdansk, ul.
Debinki 7, 80 211 Gdansk, Poland. aren@mlyniec.gda.pl
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the static
thermography figure of merit DeltaT (the difference in mean values of skin
area temperature for the burn wound area and the unaffected reference skin
area) and a means of burn classification which would be most suitable for the
choice of treatment. The work was an in vivo animal experiment. Statistical
analysis showed a high correlation between the DeltaT parameter and
histopathological assessment. With regard to the choice of treatment, the most
useful correlation was found to be that between DeltaT and the classification
of burn wounds into those healed in 3 weeks and those unhealed. The results of
this study have revealed a quantitative criterion DeltaT for burn
classification. The study suggests that particular burn centres using static
thermography use a DeltaT parameter based on their own values for burn
classification so as to group burn wounds into those that healed in 3 weeks
and those that did not heal. This criterion should be independent of and
replace other classification systems. A criterion for the proper choice of
burn treatment would then be made more readily available.
47: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jul;28(7):1656-61.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Increased heat generation from atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2
diabetes: an increased local inflammatory activation.
Toutouzas K, Markou V, Drakopoulou M, Mitropoulos I, Tsiamis E, Vavuranakis M,
Vaina S, Stefanadis C.
First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens,
Greece. ktoutouz@otenet.gr
OBJECTIVE: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes show
increased inflammatory activation. Thermography detects local inflammatory
involvement as heat generation. The aim of this study was to investigate
whether patients with CAD and diabetes have increased local heat generation
compared with nondiabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We enrolled
patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: 45 diabetic patients
and 63 nondiabetic patients, serving as the control group, matched for age,
type of clinical syndrome, statin and aspirin intake, and angiographic
stenosis (%). Coronary thermography was performed, and temperature difference
(DeltaT) between the atherosclerotic plaque and the proximal vessel wall was
measured. RESULTS: Patients with diabetes had increased temperature difference
compared with nondiabetic patients (DeltaT: 0.17 +/- 0.18 degrees C vs. 0.09
+/- 0.02 degrees C, P = 0.01). Twenty-one diabetic and 22 nondiabetic patients
suffered from acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) (P = 0.22). Patients with
diabetes and ACSs had increased temperature difference compared with
nondiabetic patients with ACSs (DeltaT: 0.29 +/- 0.31 degrees C vs. 0.15 +/-
0.21 degrees C, P = 0.02), which is the same as patients with diabetes and
chronic stable angina (DeltaT: 0.09 +/- 0.08 degrees C vs. 0.05 +/- 0.04
degrees C, P = 0.006). Twenty-three diabetic and 30 nondiabetic patients were
under therapy with statins (P = 0.72). Patients with diabetes under statins
had lower temperature difference compared with untreated patients (DeltaT:
0.11 +/- 0.12 degrees C vs. 0.22 +/- 0.21 degrees C, P = 0.02), which is the
same as nondiabetic patients under statins (DeltaT: 0.05 +/- 0.04 degrees C
vs. 0.13 +/- 0.18 degrees C, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with diabetes
have increased temperature difference compared with nondiabetic patients.
Patients with diabetes under statins showed decreased temperature difference
compared with untreated patients, suggesting that statins have a favorable
effect in patients with diabetes and CAD
PMID: 15981507 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
49: Muscle Nerve. 2005 Oct;32(4):459-72.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Hyperexcitable polymodal and insensitive nociceptors in painful human
neuropathy.
Ochoa JL, Campero M, Serra J, Bostock H.
Good Samaritan Hospital & Medical Center Oregon Health & Science University,
Portland, Oregon 97210, USA. jochoa@nervesense.net
Six patients with chronic pain, mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia/allodynia,
and cutaneous vasodilatation starting distally in their extremities, were
evaluated using clinical and neurophysiological methods and microneurography.
Evidence of small-fiber polyneuropathy was documented in all, but the etiology
remained cryptogenic in several. Different forms of hyperexcitability were
detected by microneurography in both common polymodal and mechanically
insensitive C nociceptors, which explain all the somatosensory abnormalities.
Signs of hyperexcitability included reduced receptor threshold (accounting for
mechanical and heat allodynias), spontaneous C nociceptor discharge
(explaining spontaneous "burning" pain and antidromic vasodilatation), and
multiplied nociceptor responses to stimulation (accounting for hyperalgesia).
The clinical and electrophysiological profiles of these patients resemble the
experimental syndrome evoked by application of capsaicin to the skin. This
similarity, and the striking heat dependence of the spontaneous pain, suggest
that a common feature may be altered expression or modulation of vanilloid 1
receptor, provoking abnormal nociceptor discharges. Muscle Nerve, 2005.
Publication Types:
Case Reports
PMID: 15973653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
50: Rofo. 2005 Jul;177(7):955-61.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Digital X-ray mammography: comparison of the image quality achievable with a
wet laser imager, a dry infrared laser imager and a dry laser imager using
direct thermography]
[Article in German]
Krug B, Stutzer H, Zahringer M, Morgenroth C, Winnekendonk G, Gossmann A< /a>,
Warm M, Lackner K.
Institut und Poliklinik fur Radiologische Diagnostik, Koln.
Barbara.Krug@uk-koeln.de
PURPOSE: To compare the image quality of digital X-ray mammographies obtained
with wet imagers with that of standard dry imaging technology. MATERIAL AND
METHODS: Beginning 03/08/2003, 200 X-ray mammographies with a digital
fullfield mammography system (Lorad Selenia, Lorad/Hologic) were prospectively
and consecutively documented with a wet laser imager (Scopix LR 5200, Agfa), a
dry infrared laser imager (DryView 8610, Kodak) and a dry imager using the
principle of direct thermography (Drystar 4500M, Agfa, N = 166). One X-ray
exposure was systematically chosen from each examination and was presented in
an anonymous and randomized form to three radiologists who evaluated the films
using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The visualization of normal
anatomic structures was considered being good to excellent for all imagers
with the mean assessments 1.0 - 2.4 for the Drystar 4500M, 1.0 - 2.1 for the
DryView 8610 and 1.1 - 2.0 for the Scopix LR 5200. The mean assessments were
0.1 - 0.6 points lower in dense than in normal parenchyma, thus, the
parenchymal density is the predominant factor for image quality. CONCLUSION:
In view of the comparable image quality obtained with the different imagers
used in the study, individual decisions to purchase a specific imager will be
based on economics rather than on diagnostic points of view.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
Validation Studies
PMID: 15973597 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
51: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Jul 7;50(13):3127-41. Epub 2005 Jun 22.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
High-resolution temperature-based optimization for hyperthermia treatment
planning.
Kok HP, Van Haaren PM, Van de Kamer JB, Wiersma J, Van Dijk JD, Crezee J.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Academic Medical Centre, University of
Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands .
In regional hyperthermia, optimization techniques are valuable in order to
obtain amplitude/phase settings for the applicators to achieve maximal tumour
heating without toxicity to normal tissue. We implemented a temperature-based
optimization technique and maximized tumour temperature with constraints on
normal tissue temperature to prevent hot spots. E-field distributions are the
primary input for the optimization method. Due to computer limitations we are
restricted to a resolution of 1 x 1 x 1 cm3 for E-field calculations, too low
for reliable treatment planning. A major problem is the fact that hot spots at
low-resolution (LR) do not always correspond to hot spots at high-resolution
(HR), and vice versa. Thus, HR temperature-based optimization is necessary for
adequate treatment planning and satisfactory results cannot be obtained with
LR strategies. To obtain HR power density (PD) distributions from LR E-field
calculations, a quasi-static zooming technique has been developed earlier at
the UMC Utrecht. However, quasi-static zooming does not preserve phase
information and therefore it does not provide the HR E-field information
required for direct HR optimization. We combined quasi-static zooming with the
optimization method to obtain a millimetre resolution temperature-based
optimization strategy. First we performed a LR (1 cm) optimization and used
the obtained settings to calculate the HR (2 mm) PD and corresponding HR
temperature distribution. Next, we performed a HR optimization using an
estimation of the new HR temperature distribution based on previous
calculations. This estimation is based on the assumption that the HR and LR
temperature distributions, though strongly different, respond in a similar way
to amplitude/phase steering. To verify the newly obtained settings, we
calculate the corresponding HR temperature distribution. This method was
applied to several clinical situations and found to work very well. Deviations
of this estimation method for the AMC-4 system were typically smaller than 0.2
degrees C in the volume of interest, which is accurate enough for treatment
planning purposes.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15972985 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
52: J Biomech Eng. 2005 Apr;127(2):279-94.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Numerical simulation for heat transfer in prostate cancer cryosurgery.
Zhang J, Sandison GA, Murthy JY, Xu LX.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,
USA.
A comprehensive computational framework to simulate heat transfer during the
freezing process in prostate cancer cryosurgery is presented. Tissues are
treated as nonideal materials wherein phase transition occurs over a
temperature range, thermophysical properties are temperature dependent and
heating due to blood flow and metabolism are included. Boundary conditions
were determined at the surfaces of the commercially available cryoprobes and
urethral warmer by experimental study of temperature combined with a
mathematical optimization process. For simulations, a suitable computational
geometry was designed based on MRI imaging data of a real prostate. An
enthalpy formulation-based numerical solution was performed for a prescribed
surgical protocol to mimic a clinical freezing process. This computational
framework allows for the individual planning of cryosurgical procedures and
objective assessment of the effectiveness of prostate cryosurgery.
PMID: 15971706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
53: Magn Reson Med. 2005 Jul;54(1):226-30.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Simultaneous radiofrequency (RF) heating and magnetic resonance (MR) thermal
mapping using an intravascular MR imaging/RF heating system.
Qiu B, El-Sharkawy AM, Paliwal V, Karmarkar P, Gao F, Atalar E, Yang X.
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Previous studies have confirmed the possibility of using an intravascular MR
imaging guidewire (MRIG) as a heating source to enhance vascular gene
transfection/expression. This motivated us to develop a new intravascular
system that can perform MR imaging, radiofrequncy (RF) heating, and MR
temperature monitoring simultaneously in an MR scanner. To validate this
concept, a series of mathematical simulations of RF power loss along a
0.032-inch MRIG and RF energy spatial distribution were performed to determine
the optimum RF heating frequency. Then, an RF generator/amplifier and a filter
box were built. The possibility for simultaneous RF heating and MR thermal
mapping of the system was confirmed in vitro using a phantom, and the obtained
thermal mapping profile was compared with the simulated RF power distribution.
Subsequently, the feasibility of simultaneous RF heating and temperature
monitoring was successfully validated in vivo in the aorta of living rabbits.
This MR imaging/RF heating system offers a potential tool for intravascular
MR-mediated, RF-enhanced vascular gene therapy.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
Validation Studies
PMID: 15968681 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
54: Biomed Eng Online. 2005 Jun 15;4(1):38.Related Articles, Cited
Articles, Free in PMC, Books, LinkOut
Infrared thermography fails to visualize stimulation-induced meridian-like
structures.
Litscher G.
Biomedical Engineering and Research in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine,
Medical University of Graz, Austria. gerhard.litscher@meduni-graz.at
BACKGROUND: According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) the vital energy
flows through a system of channels also called meridians. Generally accepted
proof for meridians cannot be considered as being given. Goal of this study
was to examine whether possible stimulation-induced meridian-like structures,
as recently described by other authors, can be visualized and objectified
simultaneously at different infrared wavelength ranges. METHODS: The study
analyses evidence for the existence of acupuncture-specific, meridian-like
artifacts in 6 healthy volunteers (mean age +/- SD 28.7 +/- 3.7 years; range
25 - 35 years). Two infrared cameras at different wavelength ranges were used
for thermographic control of possible stimulation effects (moxibustion-cigar,
infrared warmth stimulation, needle and laserneedle stimulation). In addition
to thermography, temperature and microcirculatory parameters were registered
at a selected point using laser-Doppler flowmetry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
After moxibustion (or infrared light stimulation) of the body at 2 - 5 microm
and 7.5 - 13 microm ranges, different structures appear on thermographic
images of the human body which are technical artifacts and which are not
identical to what are known as meridians in all textbooks of TCM. Further
scientific studies are required regarding the possible visualization of
meridians.
PMID: 15958163 [PubMed - in process]
55: IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2005 Jun;24(6):817-20.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Weighted expectation maximization reconstruction algorithms for thermoacoustic
tomography.
Zhang J, Anastasio MA, Pan X, Wang LV.
Thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) is an emerging imaging technique with
potential for a wide range of biomedical im aging applications. In this
correspondence, we propose an infinite family of weighted expectation
maximization (EM) algorithms for reconstruction of images from temporally
truncated TAT measurement data. The weighted EM algorithms are equivalent
mathematically to the conventional EM algorithm, but are shown to propagate
data inconsistencies in different ways. Using simulated and experimental TAT
measurement data, we demonstrate that suitable choices of weighted EM
algorithms can effectively mitigate image artifacts that are attributable to
temporal truncation of the TAT data function.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
Letter
PMID: 15957603 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
56: J Magn Reson. 2005 Jul;175(1):21-9. Epub 2005 Apr 8.Related
Articles, Compound via MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
Solid-state 27Al MRI and NMR thermometry for catalytic applications with
conventional (liquids) MRI instrumentation and techniques.
Koptyug I V, Sagdeev DR, Gerkema E, Van As H, Sagdeev RZ.
International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090,
Russia. koptyug@tomo.nsc.ru
Multidimensional images of Al2O3 pellets, cordierite monolith, glass tube,
polycrystalline V2O5 and other materials have been detected by 27Al, 51V, and
23Na NMR imaging using techniques and instrumentation conventionally employed
for imaging of liquids. These results demonstrate that, contrary to the widely
accepted opinion, imaging of "rigid" solids does not necessarily require
utilization of solid state NMR imaging approaches, pulse sequences and
hardware even for quadrupolar nuclei which exhibit line widths in excess of
100 kHz, such as 51V in polycrystalline V2O5. It is further demonstrated that
both 27Al NMR signal intensity and spin-lattice relaxation time decrease with
increasing temperature and thus can potentially serve as temperature sensitive
parameters for spatially resolved NMR thermometry.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15949745 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
57: Brain. 2005 Sep;128(Pt 9):2154-63. Epub 2005 Jun 9.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Temperature-dependent double spikes in C-nociceptors of neuropathic pain
patients.
Bostock H, Campero M, Serra J, Ochoa JL.
Institute of Neurology, London, UK. H.Bostock@ion.ucl.ac.uk
Five patients with small-fibre neuropathy characterized by
temperature-dependent spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia/allodynia and signs of
neurogenic inflammation were studied clinically and thermographically, and by
microneurography. Thermography revealed hyperthermia confined to painful and
hyperalgesic skin of distal extremities, in absence of sympathetic vasomotor
denervation. Quantitative sensory testing documented either reduced thresholds
or increased suprathreshold magnitude for heat pain. Microneurography
identified 13 primary cutaneous C-nociceptors generating abnormal impulses in
response to electrical stimuli and, in one patient, nociceptors firing
spontaneously. All five patients showed examples of double spikes, in which a
single brief electrical stimulus occasionally or regularly evoked two
impulses. In one case, a second impulse occurred at one of three different
delays. In all five patients, warming of the skin increased the probability of
a second impulse occurring. Impulse doubling has previously been reported as
occurring rarely in normal subjects and is attributable to unfiltering of
multiple orthodromic impulses due to unidirectional conduction failure at
branch points. A higher incidence of double firing in neuropathic pain
patients is probably due to a reduced safety factor for conduction in the
terminal arborizations of their C-nociceptors. These observations show that
unidirectional conduction block provides a peripheral mechanism of
temperature-dependent nociceptor hyperactivity in small-fibre neuropathy that
may contribute to hyperalgesia.
Publication Types:
Case Reports
PMID: 15947060 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
58: Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2005 Aug;4(1):1-9. Epub 2005 Jun
7.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Simultaneous measurements of local tissue temperature and blood perfusion rate
in the canine prostate during radio frequency thermal therapy.
Zhu L, Pang L, Xu LX.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County,
1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Local tissue temperature and blood perfusion rate were measured simultaneously
to study thermoregulation in the canine prostate during transurethral
radio-frequency (RF) thermal therapy. Thermistor bead microprobes measured
interstitial temperatures and a thermal clearance method measured the
prostatic blood perfusion rate under both normal and hyperthermic conditions.
Increase in local tissue temperature induced by the RF heating increased blood
perfusion throughout the entirety of most prostates. The onset of the initial
increase in blood perfusion was sometimes triggered by a temporal temperature
gradient at low tissue temperatures. When tissue temperature was higher than
41 degrees C, however, the magnitude and the spatial gradient of temperature
may play significant roles. It was found that the temperature elevation in
response to the RF heating was closely coupled with local blood flow. The
resulting decrease in or stabilization of tissue temperature suggested that
blood flow might act as a negative feedback of tissue temperature in a closed
control system. Results from this experiment provide insights into the
regulation of local perfusion under hyperthermia. The information is important
for accurate predictions of temperature during transurethral RF thermal
therapy.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15940507 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
59: Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2005;11(2):211-5.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Investigations of single and multilayer structures using lock-in
thermography--possible applications.
Gralewicz G, Owczarek G, Wiecek B.
Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour
Protection - National Research Institute, Lodz, Poland. grgra@ciop.lodz.pl.
This paper presents a study of the possibilities of evaluating thermal
parameters of single and multilayer structures using dynamic thermography. It
also discusses potential uses of lock-in thermography. It presents a
simulation of a periodic excitation of a multilayer composite material. In
practice, the described methods can be employed in various applications, for
example, in multilayer nonwoven microelectronic components manufactured from
hemp fibers, chemical fibers, with an addition of electrically conducting
fibers, and in medicine and biology. This paper describes tests conducted with
lock-in thermography on carbon fibre reinforced composites with implanted
delamination defects. Lock-in thermography is a versatile tool for
non-destructive evaluation (NDE). Lock-in thermography is a fast, remote and
non-destructive procedure. Hence, it has been used to detect delaminations in
the composite structure of aircraft. This method directly contributes to an
improvement in safety.
PMID: 15938771 [PubMed - in process]
60: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2005 Apr;140(4):471-6.
Epub 2005 Apr 25.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Respiratory cooling in rattlesnakes.
Borrell BJ, Laduc TJ, Dudley R.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
94720-3140, USA. bborrell@uclink.berkeley.edu
We used infrared thermography to study respiratory cooling in the rattlesnakes
(Viperidae: Crotalinae) and to partition the effects of air temperature,
humidity, and activity levels on head-body temperature differences. We
observed a single, cooled region centered around the mouth and nasal capsule
that extended across the pit membrane at air temperatures above 20 degrees C.
Both head and body temperatures of rattlesnakes increased linearly with air
temperature. Head-body temperature differentials also increased with air
temperature, but declined significantly at higher relative humidities.
Rattling rattlesnakes exhibited significantly greater head-body temperature
differentials than did resting rattlesnakes. We suggest that respiratory
cooling may provide a thermal buffer for the thermoreceptive pit organs at
high air temperatures, but caution that this adaptive hypothesis must be
tested with direct neural or behavioral assays.
PMID: 15936707 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
61: Hum Reprod. 2005 Sep;20(9):2614-9. Epub 2005 Jun 2.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Varicocele, hypoxia and male infertility. Fluid Mechanics analysis of the
impaired testicular venous drainage system.
Gat Y, Zukerman Z, Chakraborty J, Gornish M.
Andrology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tel Aviv University,
Israel. yigalgat@yahoo.com
BACKGROUND: Varicocele is a bilateral vascular disease, involving a network of
collaterals and small, retroperitoneal bypasses. The right and the left
testicular venous drainage systems are complex and not identical to each
other. It was considered a predominantly unilateral (left-sided) disease. Its
pathophysiology has not been clearly delineated and the treatments offered do
not seem to be effective. The medical literature is replete with articles
demonstrating inconsistent and even contradictory results which have led
clinicians to dissociate varicocele from male infertility. Since male
fertility is preserved with only one healthy testis, male infertility perforce
represents bilateral testicular dysfunction. This poses an enigma to
clinicians: How can left-sided varicocele causes bilateral testicular
dysfunction? METHODS: We investigated the internal spermatic veins by
venography to understand testicular damage due to varicocele. A total of 740
venographies of the internal spermatic veins (ISVs) were performed, with
sclerotherapy of the ISV as treatment for varicocele. Epon-embedded testicular
tissue sections were used to identify blood stagnation in the testis. RESULTS:
Varicocele is predominantly a bilateral disease in 84% of cases, associated
with collaterals and retroperitoneal venous bypasses in 70% in the left side
and 75% in the right side. Histopathology demonstrate stagnation in the
testicular microcirculation and hypoxic-ischaemic degenerative changes in all
cells' types in the sperms' production site. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings
(i) varicocele is a bilateral disease; (ii) the disease is expressed earlier
in the left side and is more intense because the blood column is longer in the
left side than the right; (iii) partial treatment to the left side only and
ignoring bypasses is not adequate to correct the problem; (iv) hypoxia leading
to ischaemic damage to both testes is the effect of varicocele due to
hydrostatic pressures in the impaired venous drainage system, which exceeds
the pressures in the testicular arterial microcirculation due to blood columns
produced in the disease; (v) hydrostatic pressure does not depend on vein
diameter but on blood column height, only; and (vi) thermography alone or
combined with ultrasonography with special attention to the bilaterality of
the disease are the best non-invasive tools for its detection.
63: Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Sep;26(6):510-9.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Skin temperature increase caused by a mobile phone: a methodological infrared
camera study.
Straume A, Oftedal G, Johnsson A.
Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU),
7491 Trondheim, Norway. aksel.straume@phys.ntnu.no
Mobile phone users often complain about burning sensations or a heating of the
ear region. The increase in temperature may be due to thermal insulation by
the phone, heating of the mobile phone resulting from its electrical power
dissipation, and radio frequency (RF) exposure. The main objective of this
study was to use infrared (IR) camera techniques to find how much each of
these factors contributes to the increase in skin temperature resulting from
the use of one GSM 900 phone. One subject, a healthy male, took part in the
study. He was holding the phone in a normal position when the phone was
switched off, when it was switched on but with the antenna replaced by a 50
Omega load to eliminate the RF exposure, and when it was transmitting RF
fields. The output power could be fixed, and the minimal and the maximal power
levels of the phone were used. The study was designed as a double blind
experiment. The changes in temperature after 15 and 30 min of mobile phone use
were calculated on the exposed side of the head relative to the unexposed
side. The insulation and the electrical power dissipation led to statistically
significant rises in the skin temperature, while the RF exposure did not. (c)
2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
65: Bioelectromagnetics. 2005 Jul;26(5):377-88.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
A numerical evaluation of SAR distribution and temperature changes around a
metallic plate in the head of a RF exposed worker.
McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ.
Telstra Research Laboratories, Clayton, Australia.
robert.l.mcintosh@team.telstra.com
The 1998 International Commission for Non-Ionising Radiation (ICNIRP)
Guidelines for human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields contain a
recommendation to assess the potential impact of metallic implants in workers
exposed up to the allowable occupational field limits. This study provides an
example of how numerical electromagnetic (EM) and thermal modelling can be
used to determine whether scattered RF fields around metallic implants in
workers exposed to allowable occupational ambient field limits will comply
with the recommendations of relevant standards and guidelines. A case study is
performed for plane wave exposures of a 50 mm diameter titanium cranioplasty
plate, implanted around 5-6 mm under the surface of the forehead. The level of
exposures was set to the ambient power flux density limits for occupational
exposures specified in the 1998 ICNIRP guidelines and the current 1999 IEEE
C95.1 standard over the frequency range 100-3000 MHz. Two distinct peak
responses were observed. There was a resonant response for the whole implant
at 200-300 MHz where the maximum dimension of the implant is around a third of
the wavelength of the RF exposure. This, however, resulted in relatively low
peak specific energy absorption rate (SAR) levels around the implant at the
exposure limits. Between 2100-2800 MHz, a second SAR concentrating mechanism
of constructive interference of the wave reflected back and forth between the
air-scalp interface and the scalp-plate interface resulted in higher peak SARs
that were within the allowable limits for the ICNIRP exposures, but not for
the IEEE C95.1 exposures. Moreover, the IEEE peak SAR limits were also
exceeded, to a lesser degree, even when the implant was not present. However,
thermal modelling indicated that the peak SAR concentrations around the
implant did not result in any peak temperature rise above 1 degrees C for
occupational exposures recommended in the ICNIRP guidelines, and hence would
not pose any significant health risk. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15924346 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
66: Nurs Times. 2005 May 10-16;101(19):62-3.Related Articles, Substance
via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
Are tympanic thermometers a source of cross-infection?
Farnell S.
St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London.
AIM: To find out if tympanic thermometers are a source of cross-infection in
critical care and whether cleaning is effective. METHOD: An observational
study. RESULTS; In most of the inspections the surfaces of the tympanic
thermometers looked clean, but three inspections revealed spots of dried fluid
and one revealed a dirty base. None of the swabs taken before or after
cleaning was positive, but seven of the inspections identified that the lens
of the tympanic thermometer was dirty, poSsibly with cerumen (earwax).
CONCLUSION: The findings from this study do not support the assumption that
tympanic thermometers are a source of cross-infection in critical care, but a
potential risk of cross-infection by this route cannot be excluded.
68: Photomed Laser Surg. 2005 Apr;23(2):191-5.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Evaluation of facial thermographic changes before and after low-level laser
irradiation.
Makihara E, Makihara M, Masumi S, Sakamoto E.
Division of Occlusion and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, Kyushu Dental College,
Kitakyushu, Japan.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the facial
thermographic changes before and after low-level laser irradiation applied to
the temporomandibular joint in normal subjects. BACKGROUND DATA: Although this
therapy has been reported to be effective in the pain management of patients
with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease, several researchers
have stated that this therapy has no effect on pain of myogeneous origin.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine healthy subjects underwent irradiation using the
continuous wave setting of a CO2 laser with a power output of 1.0 W. The laser
tip was positioned 10 cm above the skin over the right TMJ area for 10 min.
The actual fluence on the facial surface was 7.64 J/cm2. Variation of the
facial temperature was evaluated by using thermography. RESULTS: The facial
temperature 10 min after stopping irradiation was higher than that after 10
min of irradiation applied to the opposite side. The warmer area was found not
only over the TMJ area but also over the temporal area, forehead area, and
eyelid area on both sides. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that low-level
laser irradiation had a long-lasting effect on facial cutaneous tissues.
70: Eye Contact Lens. 2005 May;31(3):117-23.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Ocular surface temperature: a review.
Purslow C, Wolffsohn JS.
Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston
University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK. C.Purslow@aston.ac.uk
PURPOSE: To review the evolution in ocular temperature measurement during the
last century and examine the advantages and applications of the latest
noncontact techniques. The characteristics and source of ocular surface
temperature are also discussed. METHODS: The literature was reviewed with
regard to progress in human thermometry techniques, the parallel development
in ocular temperature measurement, the current use of infrared imaging, and
the applications of ocular thermography. RESULTS: It is widely acknowledged
that the ability to measure ocular temperature accurately will increase the
understanding of ocular physiology. There is a characteristic thermal profile
across the anterior eye, in which the central area appears coolest. Ocular
surface temperature is affected by many factors, including inflammation. In
thermometry of the human eye, contact techniques have largely been superseded
by infrared imaging, providing a noninvasive and potentially more accurate
method of temperature measurement. Ocular thermography requires high
resolution and frame rate: features found in the latest generation of cameras.
Applications have included dry eye, contact lens wear, corneal sensitivity,
and refractive surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Interest in the temperature of the eye
spans almost 130 years. It has been an area of research largely driven by
prevailing technology. Current instrumentation offers the potential to measure
ocular surface temperature with more accuracy, resolution, and speed than
previously possible. The use of dynamic ocular thermography offers great
opportunities for monitoring the temperature of the anterior eye.
72: Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 May;80(5):657-66.Related Articles, Substance
via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
Erratum in:
Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Jun;80(6):828.
Hyperhidrosis: evolving therapies for a well-established phenomenon.
Eisenach JH, Atkinson JL, Fealey RD.
Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St
SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. eisenach.john@mayo.edu
The socially embarrassing disorder of excessive sweating, or hyperhidrosis,
and its treatment options are gaining widespread attention. In order of
frequency, palmar-plantar, palmar-axillary, Isolated axillary, and
cranlofacial hyperhidrosis are distinct disorders of sudomotor regulation. A
common link among these disorders is an excessive, nonthermoregulatory sweat
response often to emotional stimuli in body regions influenced by the anterior
cingulate cortex as opposed to the thermoregulatory sweat response regulated
by the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus. Diagnosis of these mechanistically
ambiguous disorders is primarily from patient history and physical
examination, whereas results of laboratory studies performed with indicator
powder reveal the distribution and severity of resting hyperhidrosis and
document the integrity of thermoregulatory sweating. Treatment options lie on
a continuum based on the severity of hyperhidrosis and the risks and benefits
of therapy. In general, therapy begins with antiperspirants or
anticholinergics. Iontophoresis is available for palmar-plantar and axillary
hyperhidrosis. Botulinum toxin type A or local excision/curettage is effective
for isolated axillary hyperhidrosis not responsive to topical application of
aluminum chloride. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy may be used for severe
cases of palmar-plantar and palmar-axillary hyperhidrosis. No sole therapy of
choice has emerged for craniofacial sweating. The long-term sequelae of
hyperhidrosis and its treatment also are discussed.
74: Wiad Lek. 2004;57 Suppl 1:87-90.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Thermography in the early detection of breast cancer--our own experiences]
[Article in Polish]
Golab-Lipinska MV, Jakubowska T, Wysocki M, Kaluzna K, Peszynski-Drews C.
Z Centrum Diagnostyki i Terapii Laserowej Politechniki Lodzkiej.
miklipa@poczta.onet.pl
In combination with X-ray mammography and clinical examination thermography
adds to the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. Thermographic examinations
can be repeated at short intervals with no radiation hazard to the patient.
However, performing and interpreting thermograms requires meticulous training.
It was found that women with an abnormal thermogram are at a higher risk and
have a poorer prognosis. A change in the thermal pattern is often the earliest
sign of a cancer. The authors believe that the fault lies in misinterpretation
of the thermogram, rather than the thermogram itself. Computer stimulations
could be an adjunct tool to help the clinician in the interpretation.
77: J Clin Nurs. 2005 May;14(5):632-9.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Comment in:
J Clin Nurs. 2005 Sep;14(8):1026-7; discussion 1028.
Temperature measurement: comparison of non-invasive methods used in adult
critical care.
Farnell S, Maxwell L, Tan S, Rhodes A, Philips B.
St George's Hospital, London, UK. sarah.farnell@stgeorges.nhs.uk
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess accuracy and reliability of two non-invasive
methods, the chemical (Tempa.DOT) and tympanic thermometer (Genius First Temp
M3000A), against the gold standard pulmonary artery catheter, and to determine
the clinical significance of any temperature discrepancy using an expert
panel. BACKGROUND: There is continued debate surrounding the use of tympanic
thermometry in clinical practice. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: A total
of 160 temperature sets were obtained from 25 adult intensive care patients
over a 6-month period. RESULTS: About 75.2% (n = 115) of chemical and 50.9% (n
= 78) of tympanic readings were within a +/-0.0-0.4 degrees C range of the
pulmonary artery catheter. Both the chemical and tympanic thermometers were
significantly correlated with temperatures derived from the pulmonary artery
catheter (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.59, P < 0.0001) and limits of
agreement were -0.5-0.9 degrees C and -1.2-1.2 degrees C respectively. The
chemical thermometer was associated with a mean temperature difference of 0.2
degrees C, which increased 0.4 degrees C when used in conjunction with a
warming blanket. With regard to clinical significance 15.3% (n = 26) of
chemical and 21.1% (n = 35) of tympanic readings might have resulted in
patients receiving delayed interventions. Conversely 28.8% (n = 44) of
chemical and 37.8% (n = 58) of tympanic readings might have resulted in
patients receiving unnecessary interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The chemical
thermometer was more accurate, reliable and associated with fewer clinically
significant temperature differences compared with the tympanic thermometer.
However, compared with the pulmonary artery catheter both methods were
associated with erroneous readings. In the light of these findings and
previous research evidence, it is becoming increasingly difficult to defend
the continued use of tympanic thermometry in clinical practice. However, as
chemical thermometers are not without their limitations, further research
needs to be undertaken to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of other
non-invasive methods. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Chemical and tympanic
thermometers are used in both adults and children in a wide variety of
settings ranging from community to intensive care. As such these findings have
significant implications for patients, users and budget holders.
79: Med Phys. 2005 Mar;32(3):733-43.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
MRI-guided interstitial ultrasound thermal therapy of the prostate: a
feasibility study in the canine model.
Nau WH, Diederich CJ, Ross AB, Butts K, Rieke V, Bouley DM, Gill H, Daniel B,
Sommer G.
Thermal Therapy Research Group, Department of Radiation Oncology, University
of California, SF, San Francisco, California 94115, USA.
The feasibility of MRI-gu ided interstitial ultrasound thermal therapy of the
prostate was evaluated in an in vivo canine prostate model. MRI compatible,
multielement interstitial ultrasound applicators were developed using 1.5 mm
diameter cylindrical piezoceramic transducers (7 to 8 MHz) sectored to provide
180 degrees of angular directional heating. Two in vivo experiments were
performed in canine prostate. The first using two interstitial ultrasound
applicators, the second using three ultrasound applicators in conjunction with
rectal and urethral cooling. In both experiments, the applicators were
inserted transperineally into the prostate with the energy directed ventrally,
away from the rectum. Electrical power levels of 5-17 W per element
(approximately 1.6-5.4 W acoustic output power) were applied for heating
periods of 18 and 48 min. Phase-sensitive gradient-echo MR imaging was used to
monitor the thermal treatment in real-time on a 0.5 T interventional MRI
system. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images and vital-stained serial tissue
sections were obtained to assess thermal damage and correlate to real-time
thermal contour plots and calculated thermal doses. Results from these studies
indicated a large volume of ablated (nonstained) tissue within the prostate,
extending 1.2 to 2.0 cm from the applicators to the periphery of the gland,
with the dorsal margin of coagulation well-defined by the applicator placement
and directionality. The shape of the lesions correlated well to the
hypointense regions visible in the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, and
were also in good agreement with the contours of the 52 degrees C threshold
temperature and t43 > 240 min. This study demonstrates the feasibility of
using directional interstitial ultrasound in conjunction with MRI thermal
imaging to monitor and possibly control thermal coagulation within a targeted
tissue volume while potentially protecting surrounding tissue, such as rectum,
from thermal damage.
81: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Apr;129(4):885-9.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Determining the best procedure for radial artery harvest: prospective
randomized trial for early postharvest complications.
Hata M, Shiono M, Sezai A, Iida M, Saitoh A, Hattori T, Wakui S, Soeda M,
Negishi N, Sezai Y.
Second Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
Japan. mihata@med.mihon-u.ac.jp
OBJECTIVE: Although useful procedures for radial artery harvest have been
reported, forearm circulation and collateral perfusion after radial artery
harvesting remain unknown. To assess an optimal radial artery harvest
technique for forearm circulation, we designed a prospective randomized trial.
METHODS: Ninety patients were divided into 3 groups of 30 patients.
Electrocautery, an ultrasonic scalpel, or sharp scissors and hemoclips were
used to harvest radial arteries in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The
incidences of harvest site pain, numbness, swelling, discomfort, hematoma, and
infection were compared. With forearm thermography, recovery times from cooled
down 5 degrees back to rest temperature were compared between groups. All
patients had postoperative forearm angiography at 1 and 12 months. RESULTS:
Although there were no differences in the incidences of pain, swelling, and
discomfort, the incidence of numbness was significantly lower in group 3 (P =
.003). The temperature recovery time was significantly shorter in group 3 (P =
.0009). On postoperative angiography at 1 month, the incidence of the
development of interosseous arteries was significantly higher in group 3
(86.7%) than in groups 1 (23.3%) and 2 (36.7%). The 12-month study, however,
showed that there was no difference among groups (73.3%, 80.0%, and 93.3% in
groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that
sharp dissection with scissors and clips may be better for early postharvest
forearm circulation and can decrease the incidence of hand numbness. However,
there were no differences among the 3 methods with respect to forearm
circulation 12 months after radial artery harvest.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 15821659 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
82: Clin J Pain. 2005 May-Jun;21(3):272-6.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Physicians' assessments versus measured symptoms of complex regional pain
syndrome type 1: presence and severity.
Perez RS, Burm PE, Zuurmond WW, Bezemer PD, Brink HE, de Lange JJ.
Department of Anesthesiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands. rsgm.perez@vumc.nl
OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of physician's judgements of symptoms
associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1. METHODS: The validity
of physicians' judgments was assessed using measurements with regard to
presence and severity of pain, temperature and volume asymmetry, and reduction
in active range of motion in 66 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
outpatients. Measurements were performed using Visual Analog Scales and McGill
(number of words chosen total) for pain, infrared thermography for temperature
differences, water displacement volumeters for volume differences, and
hand-held goniometers for active range of motion. Physicians were blind to the
outcomes of the measurements. RESULTS: In general, physicians were capable of
determining presence or absence of measured symptoms and indicate the
direction of the symptom asymmetry. Establishing presence of temperature and
volume asymmetries was, however, inadequate. Poor to moderate correspondence
was found for the severity of individual symptoms between physicians'
judgments and measurements. For the total number of assessments, correlation
coefficients ranged from 0.39 for Volume to 0.68 for Pain. In general, lower
correlations and percentages of association for Volume and Temperature were
found. Monitoring changes between consecutive patient assessments showed poor
correspondence between both assessment methods, with correlation coefficients
ranging from 0.25 for Volume to 0.37 for Pain. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that
establishing the presence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 symptoms,
except for temperature and volume asymmetries, and monitoring of disease
progression based on these symptoms can be performed by clinical judgment. The
severity of the individual symptoms evaluated in this study should be measured
with reliable and valid measurement instruments.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 15818079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
83: Eur Surg Res. 2005 Jan-Feb;37(1):50-9.Related Articles, Compound via
MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
Evaluation of sympathetic blockade after intrathecal and epidural lidocaine in
rats by laser Doppler perfusion imaging.
Adolphs J, Schmitt TK, Schmidt DK, Mousa S, Welte M, Habazettl H, Schafer M.
Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
joern.adolphs@charite.de
The widespread use of neuraxial anaesthesia increases the need for animal
models to evaluate therapeutic prospects, mechanisms and risks of this
technique. As a methodological prerequisite, we characterised the sympathetic
blockade after different modes of neuraxial anaesthesia with regard to
segments supplying the splanchnic region. Under haemodynamic monitoring,
lidocaine 2% or saline were infused via intrathecal (10 microl), lumbar
epidural (10 and 30 microl) or thoracic epidural (10 and 30 microl) catheters.
Segmental spread of neuraxially infused local anaesthetic was assessed using
methylene blue. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased more severely after
neuraxial lidocaine in thoracic epidural (10 and 30 microl) compared to
high-volume (30 microl anaesthesia animals. Determination of the sympathetic
blockade by means of laser Doppler perfusion imaging was restricted to the
paws due to a higher density of subcutaneous blood vessels as compared to the
abdominal wall (mean +/- SD: 3.93 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.35 +/- 0.05/384 mm(2), p <
0.05). Only high-volume (30 microl) lumbar and thoracic epidural anaesthesia
(10 and 30 microl) increased skin perfusion in both hind and front paws. This
extensive sympathetic blockade was demonstrated to include splanchnic segments
using thermography. Segmental spread of methylene blue did not closely
correspond to laser Doppler findings and should be interpreted as minimum
rather than exact epidural spread of local anaesthetic.
86: Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2005;39(1):70-5.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
[The factors affecting thermal necrosis secondary to the application of the
Ilizarov transosseous wire]
[Article in Turkish]
Inan M, Mizrak B, Ertem K, Harma A, Elmali N, Ayan I.
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim
Dali), Medicine Faculty of Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
minan@inonu.edu.tr
OBJECTIVES: We investigated thermal changes associated with the application of
the Ilizarov transosseous wires, the extent of necrosis, and the factors
affecting necrosis. METHODS: We used a pair of tibiae from a 1-year-old cow.
After removal of metaphyseal areas, each of four equal diaphyseal zones marked
on both tibiae was drilled at 600, 900, 1,200 and 1,800 rpm, each time with a
new wire. Heat changes were recorded with heat electrodes during the
application and the speed of the wire was calculated. For histopathological
examination, specimens were obtained at the access and exit sites to assess
the extent of necrosis. Thermal changes between the zones and immediate and
remote cortices were compared. The most significant factor affecting the heat
changes was analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS: Heat changes varied
between 48.4 degrees C (at 1,200 rpm) and 151.9 degrees C (at 600 rpm). The
thickness of the immediate cortex, the time and speed for the wire to pass the
cortex were found as significant parameters in heat changes (p=0.003, p=0.01,
and p=0.01, respectively). A negative correlation was found between the speed
of the wire and the thickness of the necrotic area (r=-0.901, p=0.001).
Regression analysis showed that the time for the wire to pass through the
cortex was the most significant factor in inducing heat changes in both
cortices (p=0.001, p=0.003, respectively). Histopathologically, the extent of
necrosis and bone erosion was associated with lower drill speeds. Necrosis was
significantly notable in the immediate cortex than that of the remote one
(p=0.006). CONCLUSION: Transosseous wires should be passed at high drill
speeds and with earliest time elapses to reduce thermal necrosis.
88: Phys Med Biol. 2005 Apr 7;50(7):1585-600. Epub 2005 Mar 22.Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
Ultrasound phase-contrast transmission imaging of localized thermal variation
and the identification of fat/tissue boundaries.
Clement GT, Hynynen K.
Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
75 Francis St. Boston, MA 02115, USA. gclement@hms.harvard.edu
We present a new ultrasound technique for registering localized temperature
changes in soft tissues. Conversely, small temperature changes may be induced
in order to image tissue layers. The concept is motivated by the search for a
compact, low cost method for guiding noninvasive thermal therapies; however
its utility may extend to a wide range of imaging problems such as tumour
imaging in the breast. This method combines ultrasound transmission imaging,
planar projection techniques and phase-contrast theory. After outlining the
theoretical foundation of the technique, its feasibility is tested by
simulating localized heating within homogeneous tissue layers. Success of this
imaging method is evaluated as a function of the ultrasound-imaging wavelength
for a Gaussian-shaped heated region over the frequency range from 0.1 to 2
MHz. Furthermore we simulate two-dimensional image reconstruction from a
receiving array. We conclude that thermal phase-contrast imaging in tissues is
plausible for detecting the treatment spot in thermal therapies while
operating at frequencies below 1 MHz. Additionally, it may also be possible to
use the method for noninvasive thermometry. However, thermometry would require
operation at higher frequencies at the tradeoff of increased attenuation and
higher sensitivity to scattering, which needs to be further explored.
90: Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Apr;79(4):1352-7.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Sternal nourishment in various conditions of vascularization.
Fokin AA, Robicsek F, Masters TN, Fokin A Jr, Reames MK, Anderson JE Jr.
The Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heineman Medical
Research Laboratories, Caro linas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
28203, USA. frobicsek@sanger-clinic.com
BACKGROUND: Early changes in sternal perfusion were studied after midline
sternotomy and different methods of mammary artery (MA) harvesting. METHODS:
Our observations were made in the swine model after midline sternotomy. In
group 1 (6 animals), after unilateral skeletonized MA harvesting, (99m)Tc
particles were injected intravenously. In group 2 (7 animals), after
unilateral mammary artery and vein harvesting (semiskeletonized technique),
(99m)Tc particles were injected intravenously. In group 3 (5 animals), after
skeletonized bilateral MA harvesting, 99mTc particles were injected into the
intercostal musculature lateral to the sternal border. In groups 1 to 3,
sternal samples were analyzed using gamma counting. In group 4 (6 animals),
unilateral skeletonized MA harvesting was performed. In group 5 (5 animals),
the MA was harvested unilaterally using the semiskeletonized technique. In
groups 4 and 5, sternal blood flow was assessed using thermography. Data were
collected in all groups for 5 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Both radioactive
and thermographic flow measurements showed a statistically significant
decrease in sternal blood flow on the side of harvested mammary vessels,
regardless of harvesting technique. Radioactivity of the devascularized
hemisterni on the side of intramuscular particle injection was substantially
higher than in the contralateral half, confirming the role of diffusion in
sternal nourishment. The distal sternal segments were least perfused by the
MA. CONCLUSIONS: There is an acute reduction of sternal perfusion during the
early postoperative period, even if collaterals are preserved by skeletonized
MA harvesting. Diffusion plays an important role in sternal nourishment,
particularly of the xiphoid, and even more so after MA harvesting.
92: Rinsho Byori. 2005 Feb;53(2):118-22.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Thermal imaging properties of toes after walking stress test in diabetic
patients]
[Article in Japanese]
Minamishima C, Kuwaki K, Shirota E, Matsuzaki M, Yamashita K, Kamatani M,
Maeda K, Yano F.
Department of Clinical Physiological Laboratory, Nishitokyo Metropolitan
Police Hospital, Kokubunji.
In consecutive 50 diabetic patients hospitalized for medical education,
without subjective symptoms of autonomic neuropathy (DM group), performed
treadmill walking stress test and thermography, for clarify the fe ature of
the pattern typical of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Thermal images were
collected, before, immediately after, 3, 6, 12 minutes after walking. The mean
temperature of toes fell more than 1 degree C than that of baseline level and
returned within 0.5 degrees C of baseline level within 6 minutes (N type) in
66% of 30 normal subjects (C group) and 24% of DM group. In 10% of C and 24%
of DM, the temperature fell but not returned within 0.5 degrees C of baseline
level in 6 minutes (D type). In 17% of C and 38% of DM, the temperature
changed within 0.5 degrees C (F type), or rose more than 0.5 degrees C after
exercise (U type) in 7% in C and 14% in DM groups. Pts D, F group, have more
complications (HbA1c, nephropathy, retinopathy or somatic neuropathy), but not
so in C, U type. We concluded D, F types were the typical thermographic
features of the toes of pts with diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
PMID: 15796044 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
93: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2005 Jan;15(1):17-24.Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Imaging of atherosclerosis -- can we predict plaque rupture?
Rudd JH, Davies JR, Weissberg PL.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's
Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK.
Rupture of so-called vulnerable or unstable atherosclerotic lesions is
responsible for a significant proportion of myocardial infarcts and strokes.
However, timely identification of such plaques, in order to allow for
aggressive local and systemic therapy, remains problematic. In order to
address this problem, there is a need to develop techniques that can image the
cellular, biochemical, and molecular components that typify the vulnerable
plaque. In this article, both techniques that are in current clinical use and
those being evaluated in clinical trials are reviewed with regard to their
ability to identify unstable lesions at risk of rupture.
95: Opt Lett. 2005 Mar 15;30(6):628-30.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Photothermal image flow cytometry in vivo.
Zharov VP, Galanzha EI, Tuchin VV.
Philips Classic Laser Laboratories, University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. zharovvladimirp@uams.edu
The capability of photothermal (PT) microscopy to image moving, unlabeled
cells in real time in vivo is demonstrated in a study of circulating red and
white blood cells in blood and lymph microvessels of rat mesentery. Potential
applications of this optical tool, called PT flow cytometry, are discussed.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15791998 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
96: Lasers Surg Med. 2005 Apr;36(4):297-306.Related Articles, Compound
via MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut
Characterization of measurement artefacts in fluoroptic temperature sensors:
implications for laser thermal therapy at 810 nm.
Davidson SR, Vitkin IA, Sherar MD, Whelan WM.
Division of Medical Physics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health
Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. davidson@uhnres.utoronto.ca
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fluoroptic sensors are used to measure interstitial
temperatures but their utility for monitoring laser interstitial thermal
therapy (LITT) is unclear because these sensors exhibit a measurement artefact
when exposed to the near-infrared (NIR) treatment light. This study
investigates the cause of the artefact to determine whether fluoroptic sensors
can provide reliable temperature measurements during LITT. STUDY
DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The temperature rise measured by a fluoroptic
sensor irradiated in non-absorbing media (air and water) was considered an
artefact. Temperature rise was measured as a function of distance from a laser
source. Two different sensor designs and several laser powers were
investigated. A relationship between fluence rate and measurement artefact in
water was determined and coupled with a numerical simulation of LITT in liver
to estimate the error in temperature measurements made by fluoroptic sensors
in tissue in proximity to the laser source. The effect of ambient light on the
performance of sensors capped with a transparent material ("clear-capped
sensors") was also investigated. RESULTS: The temperature rise recorded in air
by both clear- and black-capped fluoroptic sensors decreased with distance
from a laser source in a manner similar to fluence rate. Sensor cap material,
laser power, and the thermal properties of the surrounding medium affected the
magnitude of the artefact. Numerical simulations indicated that the accuracy
of a clear-capped fluoroptic sensor used to monitor a typical LITT treatment
in liver is > 1 degrees C provided the sensor is further than approximately 3
mm from the source. It was also shown that clear-capped fluoroptic sensors are
affected by ambient light. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement artefact experienced
by both black-capped and clear-capped fluoroptic sensors irradiated by NIR
light scales with fluence rate and is due to direct absorption of the laser
light, which results in sensor self-heating. Clear-capped fluoroptic sensors
can be used to accurately monitor LITT in tissue but should be shielded from
ambient light. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PMID: 15786482 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
97: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005
Apr;99(4):505-10.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Root surface temperature rises during root canal obturation, in vitro, by the
continuous wave of condensation technique using System B HeatSource.
Lips ki M.
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al.
Powstancow Wlkp. 72, blok 18, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Marius.Lipski@sci.pam.szczecin.pl
OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated increases in root surface
temperature during the continuous wave of condensation technique using a
System B HeatSource. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-five extracted human teeth (15
maxillary central incisors, 15 mandibular central incisors, and 15 maxillary
canines) were used. After root canal cleaning and shaping, the teeth were
filled with the continuous wave of condensation technique using a System B
HeatSource. Temperature changes on the whole mesial and vestibular outer
surfaces of the roots were measured using an infrared thermal imaging camera.
RESULTS: The results of this in vitro study showed that the use of the
continuous wave of condensation technique to fill the maxillary central
incisors and maxillary canines produced temperature rises below the critical
level. In the mandibular central incisors the use of a System B HeatSource
resulted in elevation of the root surface temperature by more than 10 degrees
C. CONCLUSION: The continuous wave of condensation technique using the System
B HeatSource produces temperature changes on the outer root surfaces, which,
in the case of teeth with relatively thin dentinal walls, can reach relatively
high values.
PMID: 15772602 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
98: Drugs. 2004;64 Suppl 2:1-7.Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Atherosclerosis imaging: intravascular ultrasound.
Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, Ohio 44950, USA. tuzcue@ccf.org
Most acute coronary syndromes result from the rupture or erosion of high-risk
plaques. Clinical imaging studies have shown that atherosclerotic plaque
formation and rupture are widespread processes that are often asymptomatic.
The rationale for atherosclerosis imaging is the in-vivo identification of
high-risk lesions, which may subsequently lead to prevention of future
cardiovascular events. Although intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging
studies demonstrated that echolucent appearance of the plaque and expansive
(positive) remodelling are associated with unstable clinical presentation,
these characteristics were not adequate for accurate plaque characterisation.
Recent technical developments in ultrasound equipment and analytical methods,
utilising several characteristics of the digitised ultrasound signal with
radiofrequency analysis and elastography, promise accurate tissue
characterisation. Other imaging modalities, including optical coherence
tomography, also contribute to a more precise characterisation of the
composition of atherosclerotic plaques. A non-imaging approach is the focal
assessment of temperature differences using sensitive intravascular
thermography catheters, presumably reflecting focal inflammatory changes of
vulnerable lesions. Although the histological characteristics of the atheroma
are critically important in the sequence of events leading to acute coronary
syndromes, the clinical relevance of identifying these characteristics is not
yet clear. There is increasing evidence that identifying and treating
individual culprit lesions may not be enough to prevent the ischaemic cardiac
events in most patients, because the acute coronary syndrome is not a disease
of a single site or a few discrete segments, but rather a systemic disease
that involves the entire coronary tree. In addition to detection and
quantitation of early coronary atherosclerosis and disease activity, accurate
and reproducible methods could help to identify high-risk patients and allow
serial monitoring during various therapeutic interventions. Serial IVUS
imaging makes it possible to visualise the vessel wall that harbours the
atheroma at different time points. Typically, serial IVUS allows the
assessment of the percentage change in atheroma volume, with considerable
statistical power to detect small changes. Using this methodology, aggressive
lipid lowering by a high-dose statin agent has been shown to stop the
progression of atherosclerosis, and a new mutant high-density lipoprotein
complex was found to be effective in regressing atheroma burden. Although
intravascular ultrasound is very accurate for quantification of atheroma
burden, widespread application and accurate and reproducible non-invasive
imaging modalities are needed for large-scale risk assessment algorithms.
Cardiovascular computed tomography is at the forefront of the non-invasive
imaging modalities. Future prospective imaging studies will be necessary to
identify focal or systemic characteristics of high-risk lesions and to
demonstrate the relationship between plaque burden, biochemical markers and
clinical events.
100: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2005 Mar;52(3):505-19.Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
A clinical water-coated antenna applicator for MR-controlled deep-body
hyperthermia: a comparison of calculated and measured 3-D temperature data
sets.
Nadobny J, Wlodarczyk W, Westhoff L, Gellermann J, Felix R, Wust P.
Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Klinik fur
Strahlenheilkunde, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
jacek.nadobny@charite.de
A magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible three-dimensional (3-D) hyperthermia
applicator was developed and evaluated in the magnetic resonance (MR)
tomograph Siemens MAGNETOM Symphony 1.5 T. Radiating elements of this
applicator are 12 so-called water coated antenna (WACOA) modules, which are
designed as specially shaped and adjustable dipole structures in hermetically
closed cassettes that are filled by deionized water. The WACOA modules are
arranged in the applicator frame in two transversal antenna subarrays, six
antennas per subarray. As a standard load for the applicator an inhomogeneous
phantom was fabricated. Details of applicator's realization are presented and
a 3-D comparison of calculated and measured temperature data sets is made. A
fair agreement is achieved that demonstrates the numerically supported
applicator's ability of phase-defined 3-D pattern steering. Further refinement
of numerical models and measuring methods is necessary. The applicator's
design and the E-field calculations were performed using the finite-difference
time-domain (FDTD) method. The calculation and optimization of temperature
patterns was obtained using the finite element method (FEM). For MR
temperature measurements the proton resonance frequency (PRF) method was used.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
Validation Studies
PMID: 15759581 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]